The First Bag of Cement Enters the Gaza Strip
Posted on March 08, 2011 by Marivel Guzman
(Gaza, Palestine) The first bag of cement enters the Gaza Strip.
A source said at The Palestinian Information Center at the Rafah crossing informing that the multinational delegation arrived Tuesday in the Gaza Strip, and was greeted by a delegation of the State Committee to break the siege.
He stressed that the delegation had brought with them a bag of cement as a sign of the symbolic importance of breaking the blockade and the entry of construction materials to rebuild Gaza Strip, which was partially destroyed by the Israeli assault ” Cast Lead ” in 2009. The destruction Against the beleaguered sector, that for more than 2 years and 7 months is been maintain with a almost complete blockade for products of daily consume, food, gas, and very important Medicine, Spare Medical Parts of Medical Equipment and Construction Materials which Israel has banned completely from Gaza.
For its part, a spokesman for the International Coalition, Ahmed secured the Assi said that the delegation, which consists of two Egyptians, two Irish, two Britons and two Americans, two Greeks and Hungarians entered the Gaza Strip after Egyptian authorities have allowed to enter, a sign of political change in Egypt in this regard, and blocking the access of solidarity delegations to Gaza before the fall of Hosni Mubarak
The spokesman of the delegation of the “international coalition” has confirmed that his delegation’s visit comes in solidarity with the people of Gaza and its inhabitants and to focus on the world and our rejection of the waiver request embargo noting that the Egyptian delegation participated in the Egyptian revolution.
This is a good sign of the changes, but farther from the reality in the ground, Gaza population still is unable to travel out of Egypt as a normal citizens, the situation still tense in the Border of Rafah, long lines of Palestinians trying to travel out of Egypt are forced to wait long hours just to be return back to Gaza with no explanations other that security reasons.
Still Palestinians are stranded in airports around the world trying to go back to Gaza, as Egypt new government has denied them the right to cross Egypt to enter their homeland.
The Euphoria and expectation of the March 15 Date have make us forget that Israel still control the life of Palestinians inside Gaza and West Bank, and have continue with the aerial attacks in Gaza and violently dispersing the peaceful demonstrations in West Bank and Jerusalem.
We want to be positive and push the International Community to take part in the global awareness for Truth and transparency on the Occupied Territories. And dismantle the propaganda that have changed the perception of the violence against Palestinians.
This bag of cement is the first one of many that will enter Gaza in the next few weeks, thanks to the campaign organized by Tahi 4 Gaza
Since the problems started in Egypt, the prices of cement and gravel have doubled — one ton of cement cost US$140 last week. Today, I bought a ton for $296,” said Ashraf Al Aloul, a driver for an international NGO, one of thousands of Gazans in the process of building a home.
Laila Khaled-Palestinian Resistance Hero-March 8 Internation Woman’s Day
Posted on March 8, 2011 by Marivel Guzman
from original posted by Thee *FREE ARAB VOICE* February 2, 1999
Leila Khaled (also Layla Khalid), long-time activist and Central Committee member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), was born on April 9, 1944 in Haifa, Palestine. Her family left Haifa as refugees to Lebanon on April 13 1948, just before the State of Israel was established
In this issue of the Free Arab Voice we interview Laila Khaled.
Laila Khaled is a Palestinian Arab woman, an activist, fighter, and a leader that has become now a familiar part of the Palestinian psyche. She turned almost overnight from another refugee in Lebanon into an unfurled Palestinian flag. Unlike others who folded their flags though, she remains as true to the faith today as when she was fifteen, only smarter. Understanding what she has to say is tantamount to understanding what many Palestinians have to say.
We will not rain on her parade. She will introduce herself by herself.
[This interview was conducted for the Free Arab Voice (FAV) by Ibrahim Alloush ].
Introduction:
FAV: Welcome Laila Khaled. Would you like in the beginning to introduce us briefly to yourself: your position in the PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), the Palestinian Woman’s Union, and the Palestinian revolution?
Laila: I’m a Palestinian woman of Lebanese origin, my belonging is Arab, and hence my belonging is Palestinian. I joined the Arab Nationalist Movement early, early with respect to me, cause I was barely 15 years old then.
I moved to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine since its inception in 1967, and continue to be with them until today.
I was a member of the Union of Palestinian students, in the Administrative Committee, when I was still a student in the American University of Beirut in 1963. In 1974, I became a member in the General Secretariat of the Palestinian Woman’s Union. Also I’ve been a delegate in the Palestinian National Council [parliament] since 1979. FAV: What’s your official position in the PFLP?
Laila: I’m a member in the Leadership Council of the PFLP. “Who Are the Palestinians?”:
FAV: We’re not going to well long on that military operation you partook in, and which drew fame and glory. We have surpassed that stage in a sense. We’re in a different stage now, perhaps even at your own personal level. Would you give us a quick glimpse though about that operation so our younger readers may get an idea about what happened then? When exactly, and what was your role in it?
Laila: It was one of the operations undertaken by the PFLP to hijack airplanes. I was the first woman to participate in one, but the PFLP had done a few before. One of those was the hijacking of an El Al flight from Rome to Algeria. The PFLP took this path under the motto of “Going after the Enemy Everywhere”, as one of the tactics or phases of the armed struggle. The main goal behind these operations was to pose a big question to the world: who are the Palestinians? At the time Palestinians were being treated merely as refugees who may need humanitarian aid. So we got showered with tents, UNRWA programs, and so forth!
The other goal behind these operations was to release our political prisoners from “Israeli” jails. From 1968 until 1970, the PFLP performed operations abroad to achieve those two goals. But having posed the question of who are the Palestinians, the answer was not in the final analysis to be answered by the operations themselves but by the Palestinian revolution. There was now a big commotion. People all over the world were asking who those were who were hijacking airplanes and what they wanted.
Regarding the second objective of releasing prisoners, we succeeded in that respect partially. Had we had a liberated base from whence we could have held planes and passengers, and from whence we could have exchanged and negotiated, we could have succeeded much more. The Arab regimes had a clear position of not supporting us, and of compromising us as needed to white wash any affiliation with us.
I participated in two of these operations. One was the hijacking a TWA that Isaac Rabin was scheduled to be on. At the time he was the “Israeli” Ambassador in the U.S. That flight was supposed to go through Rome. We boarded the plane there, and re-directed the plane to Damascus, Syria. Unfortunately however, Rabin was not on board!
FAV: When was this?
Laila: This was in August 1969.
FAV: What happened after you came to Damascus?
Laila: When we came to Damascus, the airport we landed in was still not in use so we inaugurated it. We blew up the cockpit.
FAV: None of the passengers were hurt though!
Laila: No, no, not at all! That was made very clear throughout. We had strict directives not to hurt any passengers or members of the crew at all. Only in the case of clear self-defense, we were told, will you repel anyone who attacks you.
FAV: So you released the passengers upon arrival to Damascus?
Laila: Immediately. We told them to get off calmly, and showed them how to do it safely. Then we handed ourselves over to the authorities. We said we admit having done this, and would like to tell you why we did what we did.
FAV: The second operation you took part in?
Laila: The second one was an El Al plane. Now that’s a different story because it’s an El Al! An “Israeli” thing per se! That flight was carrying Ahron Yarev, the head of “Israeli” Military Intelligence at the time. We boarded that flight in Amesterdam. It was supposed to be headed to New York, but we were going to turn it back east. We had just inaugurated an airport near Amman, Jordan, that became known as the Airport of the Revolution where we had held three planes there already, and we were going to bring our El Al plane there too. But the pilot took us to London instead, and our comrade from Nicaragua, Patrick Aurguillo, was killed there.
FAV: What went wrong?
Laila: What went wrong was that we were to be four doing this, but only two of us, Patrick and me, managed to get on board. Because Yarev had bodyguards too we simply got outnumbered and outgunned. The route the plane took was not the one we thought they would. Landing in London was totally unexpected. We bet that they won’t come near us. I was in charge of the operation and had two hand grenades. I didn’t think they would ever dare to come near me, but it seems that “Israelis” think lightly of dying as well.
They attacked the two of us, and managed to kill Patrick savagely. I wasn’t shot, but tackled and beaten. Media reports later indicated that the body of the plane was riddled with eighty bullet holes. Patrick had one handgun and I had two grenades, so guess who was doing most of the shooting?
FAV: Then?
Laila: The Brits took me. The very following day however a Palestinian guy from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, hijacked a BOAC plane to Beirut because he couldn’t handle the thought of me getting arrested. He requested to talk to the PFLP when he got to Beirut International Airport, and asked them where he should go with the plane. The pilot didn’t know how to get to the Airport of the Revolution because it wasn’t in the official charts. So, he was given directions. Then I was released in exchange, along with a couple of other comrades, after 28 days in custody. All this also raised the political question worldwide of who we were and what we sought.
A Critical Evaluation:
FAV: How do you respond to those who say that this particular type of operations did not help out very much, but had in fact hurt the Palestinian cause? Sure we got the attention of the world, but it was perhaps negative attention, the kind that’s not very good for us?
Laila: There’s an intrinsic difference between armed struggle as one of the main strategies to overcome the enemy, and these transient tactics which we employed only during a very brief period. On the internal Palestinian level, other groups condemned our earlier tactics only to end up adopting them after we abandoned them totally in 1970, as Fatah did with the “Black September” organization! So these were short-run tactical measures that can and should easily be given up if needed.
Anyway, hijacking planes was not the only type of overseas operations we engaged in. In 1972 for example, the PFLP hit the oil tanker Coral Sea which was clandestinely carrying Arab oil & gas (butane), from one of the Gulf states, to “Israel”. It took about a year of careful surveillance and planning to ascertain the route and method by which Arab oil went to “Israel”. But nobody likes to talk about this.
FAV: Where did this happen?
Laila: The Red Sea. Let me also add here that this operation cost “Israel” a great deal in terms of maintaining tight security. From that point on, every tanker that went out to sea had to have military escort, by planes sometimes. Protecting their energy supplies became a real pain.
FAV: So do you call now for resuming this type of operations?
Laila: Now circumstances are different. Every act has to serve a political end. Hijacking airplanes is NOT in our best interest today. Anyway, we in the PFLP totally quit that after the Central Committee took a resolution to that effect in 1970. In this regard I would like to mention, with great admiration and respect, the contributions of the martyr Wadi3 Haddad, who is also one of the founders of the Arab Nationalist Movement. I owe this man most for having taught me how to love Palestine.
FAV: But you continue to be today for the continuation of the armed struggle to liberate Palestine?
Laila: There is a simple and clear formula that I follow which doesn’t require much theorizing. Since there is still today an enemy that raped and cast us out of our land, there is no language to communicate with him but that which he understands best. He talks the language of terror, so we have a legitimate right to resist. History, reality, and the whole world concede the people’s right to resist occupation. That’s all there’s to it.
The Calculus of War and Peace:
FAV: Some say Arafat obtained more for the Palestinian people, with his readiness to condemn and cooperate against Palestinian “terrorism”, than what we have obtained from decades of operations which cost us tens of thousands of martyrs, injured, prisoners, not to mention international public opinion. How would you respond to that?
Laila: Arafat lost and made us lose with him.
FAV: How come? Some say he obtained a small piece that could later become the nucleus of a Palestinian state? Can’t this become a foothold from whence we may liberate the rest? Didn’t he bring back about forty thousand Palestinians with him from Tunisia?
Laila: Arafat as the epitome of a stratum of leaders of the Palestinian movement that embraces the same way of thinking, has chosen to favor its personal interests over those of the people. Consequently they deemed their own return to Palestine, under humiliating conditions, synonymous with the “right of return”.
We have in Palestine today about three million Palestinians. These have conducted one of the greatest uprisings in the world. Their problem was never the right of return for Arafat and a small group with him. Our problem has always been that we are a people that have had its land occupied and that was forcibly evicted from that land.
The Zionists built their state on our land. Our problem can be summarized in two points:
1) sovereignty over the land,
2) the return of refugees.
This is the essence of the Palestinian problem. Now let’s see what Arafat did. Arafat got the legitimacy to speak for Palestinians from the blood of our martyrs, and from our suffering. He got legitimacy because he adopted initially the strategy of armed struggle. Then he stopped halfway. When this stratum got some perks and privileges, they balked on the notion of resistance. Our leadership was spoiled into submission, among other things. They liked hotels, travel, official receptions at their honor and what have you too much. But at the same time they were selling their own selves out.
Those selling themselves out can’t be said to be “obtaining” anything for their people, can they now? It’s true that “Israel” re-deployed its forces in this alleged solution. But even before that was done, Arafat had to sign on to the enemy’s right to exist on our land. That is a negation of the all the precepts of Palestinian struggle.
The PFLP’s Stand on the Existence of “Israel”:
FAV: But some claim that the PFLP has shifted, and is no longer totally opposed to the principle of “Israel’s” right to exist if that meant a sovereign Palestinian mini-state on the side. Is that true?
Laila: Let’s judge the PFLP on the basis of its documents, and I’m part of the PFLP. When we say that we agreed to the program of Palestinian national consensus:
1) the right of return,
2) self-determination, and
3)The Palestinian state. That means a Palestinian state on the land occupied in 1967, not Haifa. But here are our documents, and our strategy, and here’s the Palestinian National Charter that Arafat compromised. They all talk of liberating Palestine from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea.
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FAV: So this is what the PFLP remains formally committed to today?
Laila: Of course. We haven’t changed. We believe in liberation in stages, but we believe in our historical right to all of Palestine as well.
Laila Khaled Prevented from Flying in December to the Palestinian Conference in Damascus:
FAV: With respect to the Palestinian National Charter, there were reports that you were on a plane headed from Amman to Damascus earlier in December 1998, when you were asked to get off the plane right before take-off by Jordanian authorities.
What happened there?
Did they get nightmares from the mere thought of Laila Khaled on a plane?
Was it a matter of flashbacks from the sixties or is it more complicated than that?
Laila: I still travel by airplane by the way : ) : ) I don’t frighten anyone there. I was actually headed for Beirut, not Damascus, to participate in the Second Arab meeting for the post-Peking Women’s conference. No body told me why I was not allowed to fly that day, but I think they expected me to be going to the Palestinian opposition meeting in Damascus that convened on the 12th of December to re-endorse the Palestinian National Charter.
But in fact the real reason is Wye River, and the security deals that took place behind the scenes between the security apparatuses in Jordan and “Israel”. Laila Khaled is a Palestinian activist, and for her to travel and express her views here and there just doesn’t fly very well with the authorities. So they harass me as a member in the Palestinian opposition, not as an individual. But eventually, I traveled again later on, and nobody stopped me
FAV: So what if they thought you were going to participate in the opposition conference in Damascus? What’s their beef?
Laila: I wasn’t the only one prevented from going to Damascus last December. All the delegates headed to that opposition Conference from Jordan were intercepted and turned back. Specifically, 53 delegates were turned back. I left several days before the conference date because I was going to attend another in Beirut, then go to the conference in Damascus.
FAV: But why? What’s the point of preventing you and those people from attending the conference in Damascus?
Laila: The point as expressed rather comically by the Jordanian Minister of the Interior, Nayef al Qadi, was that those 53 delegates were going to Syria to say stuff that was “contrary to the security of Jordan”.
The response to that is straight forward:
The Palestinian opposition was simply going there to discuss its position and options after Arafat went ahead with the annulment of the Palestinian National Charter. That’s all. But let’s not forget I live in a state that has signed an agreement with “Israel” in Wadi Arabah. This agreement, or maybe one of its secret appendices, entailed that the opposition be oppressed, as long as that is done with all the “democratic means” available to the system!
[We will later go back and discuss in depth with Laila Khaled’s the Peking Woman’s Conference and her position on the question of Woman’s Liberation. There’s about 30 minutes of tape here that FAV will reproduce separately due to the extreme importance and the independent nature of that subject- FAV].
Future Strategies for Palestinian Action:
FAV The position you occupy now Laila Khaled in the Palestinian memory and the Palestinian conscience forces us to pose all the hardest questions to you. The Palestinian activism has reached a predicament at this point as is evident.
Can we say that the old forms of struggle have fallen?
Is there a need for new forms to replace them? If so, what are some of the features of these new forms? In short what is a good strategy for Palestinian action for the coming period?
What is to be done? Whence do we begin?
Laila: You posed the question of whence do we begin, so let me say here that we’re not starting out from zero. Every time a new leadership arrives at the scene, it doesn’t study the phase preceding it, and assumes that history began with it. Since the Balfour Declaration in 1917, we’ve had a series of uprisings and leaders in Palestine, culminating in a major armed revolt under the leadership of the Qassam in 1936.
Then there was Abdul-Qader al Husseini in 1948, then el Hajj Amin, and in the sixties the present PLO leadership emerged. We need to study therefore our history and draw hard lessons as much as we need to thoroughly evaluate the previous phase of the Palestinian struggle.
We may have entered a new phase though, characterized by a political settlement in favor of the enemy. The cornerstones of Palestinian activism have been upturned. The precept that the Zionist enemy is occupying our land has been clouded with false rhetoric about peace. The notion of armed struggle has been distorted as well by those who signed shameful agreements, like Arafat and his group.
We have to study thus the previous phase in a comprehensive and careful manner. We have to examine where we hit and where we missed. The great achievement the Palestinian people has perhaps been the Palestinian national identity. We learned how to resist, but the strategies of action now will have to be different from the ones we adopted before. The notion of armed struggle itself though remains necessarily constant because this enemy has not changed its nature.
This enemy does not seek peace. It is still racist, expansionist, and violent.
FAV: What is it that should change then?
Laila: Only the mechanisms have to change, not the objectives. The strategy of armed struggle has to carry on from one generation to the next. It has to remain a historical struggle on all fronts. The military front is not currently open, while the usual measures like demolishing homes, confiscating land, arresting activists, air raiding south Lebanon, and killing civilians continue. We still have Palestinian and Lebanese funerals daily. This means the enemy does not understand any other language.
FAV: This is regarding the objectives of the Palestinian action. How do we get there?
Laila: The objectives of the PLO have not been achieved, including the right of return, self-determination, and the Palestinian state. Some say we still have to uphold those betrayed objectives, and I’m one of those. The problem now is that this [Palestinian] opposition, which is made up of Islamic, nationalist, and leftist components IS NOT UNITED IN ONE PROGRAM OF ACTION.
We don’t have to unite them ideologically. They do have to find a way however to deal jointly with the two most important current issues of Palestinian struggle:
First, how to confront and escalate the fight against the occupation, and second how to tackle the contradiction with the limited self-rule authority of Arafat whose main task is to provide security for the occupation, and to oppress Palestinians. We can’t adopt the same approach in dealing with the two. I don’t think twice about the legitimacy of resisting the occupation by all means necessary.
FAV: How do you respond to people like Edward Said and Azmi Bshara who insinuate sometimes that we need new approaches to Palestinian activism, for example by opening up Palestinian organizations to “Israelis” who recognize “Israel’s” right to exist, yet support Palestinian rights!
Laila: We have to look at the tasks of every concentration of Palestinians in the light of its own circumstances. We have a goal that unites us all, which is to liberate Palestine. But there’s about a million Palestinians right now living in the land occupied in 1948. Those will have tasks that are different from the ones to be addressed by the Palestinians of Lebanon.
In the former, the Palestinian struggle focuses on removing the discrimination they suffer under “Israel”. But in Rou7ah and Um Es-sa7ali when “Israelis” tried to confiscate more land and to demolish homes a while back, the reaction of the Palestinians of 1948 made the Shin Bet report to the “Israeli” government that after fifty years of “Israeli” rule, nationalist feelings among the Arabs of “Israel”, as they call them, are on the rise.
It’s true there are a couple there that call themselves “Israelis”, but the Palestinians of 1948 have overall preserved their Palestinian Arab national identity. Within the framework of the overall objective, these people have the local objective of achieving equality before the law in “Israel”…
FAV: But we can’t generalize the tasks of the Palestinians of 1948 to other Palestinians?
Laila: Yes, that part of our people will have different local objectives because it has different local circumstances. We are a dispersed people you know. Those in the West Bank and Gaza will have different tasks as well.
FAV: So the idea of including “Israelis” in our struggle applies only to the Palestinians of 1948, right?
Laila: No, no, no! Neither including nor excluding, no! I’m talking about something totally different. I’m talking about a relevant Palestinian program for action. I said there are general Palestinian objectives for all Palestinians, and then there are particular Palestinian objectives specific to the local circumstances for each concentration of Palestinians. For example, what is right now the main concern of a Palestinian in Lebanon who is not allowed to work? S/He wants to make a living. But even s/he is trying to observe the general objective of preserving his Palestinian national identity.
He remains steadfast in the refugee camp as a Palestinian under very harsh conditions. His tasks however will have to be different from those of a Palestinian in Gaza, who has to deal with persecution by Arafat’s PNA, and the Zionist occupation. Local strategies have to be decided locally, not imposed from without. There has to be coordination though between the local parts so each complements the other.
FAV: But where do the “Israelis” who allegedly support our rights fit into all this? Some say that our main task on the general level now should be to intensify our efforts amongst Americans and “Israelis”. How do you respond to that?
Laila: Look, there are hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in North America. The main task of that group is to publicize the Palestinian cause and win support. They also have the additional task of not forgetting, and letting their kids forget who they are and where they came from.
They should think about coming back in the long-run. It’s high-time we learned from our enemies, isn’t it? But let’s also not forget here that this is part of the overall struggle. The children of the West and Gaza didn’t peddle theories about winning over the West in the uprising. They peddled stones. And they won the support of the world nevertheless. The essential thing is to not forget that the things that created the conflict with Zionists are still there. They’re not gone. The land is still occupied and the people are still dispersed.
That’s why we revolted. These agreements are like some ash over the coals. Pour a little gasoline and we revolt again. The gasoline is how to make our local tasks complement each other. The axis of the combined work should be to hit the enemy on the head through and through. They only withdrew from south Lebanon because they were shipping back too many coffins. So coffins is what they understand. And we should make no apologies here because our own graveyards are full. Before preachers try to teach you about the humanity of our enemy, teach them about how we have been dehumanized. They said: “The Palestinians don’t exist”! We have been subjugated to a process of extinction here. Now they’re even talking about making genes-smart bombs that kill only Arabs. These people are not about coexistence.
They still have their kids sing in Kindergarten: this bank of the Jordan River is ours, and the other one too! Why are you asking us to change?
FAV: ..and the “Israelis” that support our struggle!
Laila: This is something that concerns the Palestinians of 1948. It is not a task on the national level, except insofar as it contributes to flaming differences within “Israeli” society, and weakens the occupation. Full stop. But I don’t tell our Palestinian masses there to go to the booth to vote for Labor or Meretz. These still say our land is theirs.
I CHALLENGE ANY OF THE PARTIES THAT CLAIM TO SUPPORT PALESTINIAN RIGHTS IN ‘ISRAEL’ TO SAY THAT JERUSALEM IS OURS. None of them do. So what the heck? We don’t need more empty slogans from “Israelis” who claim to be supporting us. The United Nations resolution that recognized “Israel” tied that recognition to the return of refugees. But that was not observed because in this jungle the strong imposes its code. Let those “Israelis” who say they support us call for our return. Look, if you want to note with appreciation a large demonstration by “Peace Now”, fine. But don’t fantasize.
FAV: Are you willing to share Jerusalem?
Laila: No way and never. I want to go back to Haifa where I was born. What are you talking about?
—————————————————————————————————————–
We can not negate that the PLO headed by Yasef Arafat put Palestine in the Map again, if it was not for him the Palestinian Plight could have been ignored maybe until now. Even if we did not like the methods used by the PLO was the only way that Israel and her supporters were going to negotiate with him. And even if we disagree with the agreements Yassef Arafat was forced to accept we need to understand the circumstances of those agreements.
Not everything was done because personal preferences of Yassef Arafat, most of the documents that he signed were the less of the evils. I do not doubt for one moment that when Yassef enter the United Nations conference he have in his mind to sell Palestinian Identity. For the contrary he enter the conference with his head high and his rifle by his side. And after that day the whole world started speaking about Palestine again.
Even thought after the years the light shed on Palestine will diminish again, the Resistance took form, because the PLO brought energy to the old struggle. We can not deny the power that Yasser Arafat had and have in the young Palestinians. He never wanted divisions, he always spoke as Palestine as one nation, and that we also own to him and his group.
Our woman hero Laila Khaled fought along with Yasser Arafat and she knew the situation, and the agreements in its time, she speaks of her disapproval in some of the issues, I wonder if she have had the power of the pen, if another Palestine have resulted.
We can never underestimate the power of woman intuition. That is another story.
NABLUS CITY
Posted on March 01, 2011by Omar Karem
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دينة نابلس
مدينة كنعانية عربية ، حيث يعود تاريخها إلى 9000 سنة . وكان اسمها ” شكيم” بمعنى المنكب أو الكتف ، وذكرتها رسائل تل العمارنة باسم (SKAKMI ) وموقع بلدة “شكيم” من أجمل مواقع مدن فلسطين فقد أقيمت على واد لا يزيد عرضه عن ميل واحد وبيت جبلي ” عيبال وجرزيم ” المرتفعين ، حيث تكسوهما الكروم وبساتين الزيتون ، والينابيع الكثيرة التي تروي جنائن المدينة ، هذا الموقع الجميل جعل من الصعب تحصينها وجعلها أقل قدرة على الدفاع . قد واجهت نابلس كغيرها من المدن الفلسطينية مراحل الغزو المختلفة عبر التاريخ ، وفتحها عمر بن العاص بعد فتح غزة . أقدم من سكن ” شكيم ” من العرب هم الحويون والجرزيون ” .
وإذا كانت فلسطين هي قلب الوطن العربي لربطها شماله بجنوبه فإن نابل هي قلب فلسطين لربطها شمالها بجنوبها ، وهي تتمتع بموقع جغرافي هام ، فهي تتوسط إقليم المرتفعات الجبلية الفلسطينية ، وتعتبر جبال نابلس حلقة في سلسلة المدن الجبلية الممتدة من الشمال إلى الجنوب ، وهي تقع على مفترق طرق رئيسية تمتد من العفولة وجنين شمالا حتى الخليل جنوبا ، ومن طولكرم غربا حتى جسر دامية شرقا ، وتبعد مدينة نابلس عن القدس 69 كم وتربطها بمدنها وقراها شبكة جيدة من الطرق .
ومدينة نابلس هي مركز قضاء يحمل اسمها (قضاء نابلس) والذي يضم إضافة إليها 130 قرية كبيرة وصغيرة ، ويحد قضاء نابلس من الشمال قضائي جنين وبيسان ، ومن الجنوب أقضية القدس ورام الله والرملة ، ومن الشرق نهر الأردن ومن الغرب قضاء طولكرم ، وتبلغ مساحة قضاء نابلس (1591718) كم2 ، وذلك حسب تقدير عام 1945 ، أما بعد نكبة 1948 فقد بلغت مساحته (1584)كم2 ، أما عدد سكان القضاء فقـد بلغت عام 1922
(56965) نسمة وعام 1945 حوالي (89200) نسمة . أما مدينة نابلس فقد بلغت مساحة أراضيها 8365 دونما وهي ترتفع عن مستوى سطح البحر 500م . أما عدد السكان فقد بلغوا عام 1922 (15947) نسمة وعام 1945 حوالي (23250) نسمة وبعد نكسة حزيران 1967 فقد انخفض عددهم بسبب نزوح أعداد كبيرة إاى الأردن ، حيث بلغ عدد السكان حوالي 44 ألف نسمة أما في 1997 فقد بلغوا حسب الاحصاء الفلسطيني حوالي (261377) نسمة . ومدينة نابلس تتكون من قسمين ، البلدة القديمة والتي تقوم في وسط المدينة والمعروفة بأزقتها على الأطراف وعلى سفوح جبلي عيبال وجرزيم . ومدينة نابلس تمثل مركزا اقتصاديا هاما ، حيث اشتهرت بصناعة النسيج والجلود والكيماويات والصابون والصناعات المعدنية . وهي عامرة بمدارسها وماساجدها الكثيرة .
وقد سميت جبال نابلس ” جبال النار ” وذلك لما أبداه أهالي نابلس من ضروب البطولة والبسالة دفاعا عن الأرض والحق ، وذلك في كافة الثورات والإضرابات والمظاهرات التي عمت البلاد منذ عشرنيات هذا القرن لمواجهة الاحتلالين البريطاني والصهيوني ، شـأنها بذلك شأن كل المدن والقرى الفلسطينية . وبعد احتلالها عام 1967 فقد تعرضت مثل كل مدن الوطن الفلسطيني إلى هجمة استيطانية شرسة حيث أقيمت العديد من المستعمرات حولها .
ARYAHAA CITY
مدينة أريحا
مدينة كنعانية عربية ، وتعتبر أقدم مدينة في العالم اكتشفت حتى الآن ، حيث يرجع تاريخها إلى أكثر من (7000) سنة ق. م . وموضعها القديم ” تل السلطان ” والذي يقع على نحو 2 كم للشمال الغربي من أريحا .
وكلمة ” أريحا ” تعني عند الكنعانيين القمر وهي مشتقة من فعل ” يرحو ” واليرح ” في لغة جنوب الجزيرة العربية تعني الشهر أو القمر وفي السريانية تعني الرائحة أو الأريج ريحه وفي التوراة هي أقدم مدينة معروفة .
جددها ووسعها هيرودس الكبير وأقام فيها القصور والحدائق وأنشأ جنوبها القلاع الحصينة لحماية المدينة والدفاع عنها ، وقد خربي فيما بعد ولم يبق منها سوى الأنقاض .
أعاد الرومان يناءها على وادي القلط في عهد الامبراطور قسطنطين الكبير ، وأقيم في ضواحيها الكنائس والأديرة . وقد ازدهرت أريحا وتقدمت في عهد البيزنطيين ، حتى دخلها العرب في الفتح الإسلامي ، وكانت أهم مدينة زراعية في غور الأردن ، ومحاطة بالنخيل والموز وقصب السكر .
ثم قل شان أريحا ، ولم تعد سوى قرية صغيرة ، وظلت كذلك حتى مطلع القرن العشرين ، وفي العهد العثماني ارتفعت مكانتها من قرية إلى ناحية ، وذلك عام 1908 ، وتحولت من ناحية إلى مركز قضاء يحمل اسمها في العهد البريطاني ، ثم ألغي قضاء أريحا وقضاء بيت لحم عام 1944 وضما إلى قضاء القدس ، وبعد نكبة 1948 عادت أريحا مركزا للقضاء مرة أخرى .
وتقوم أريحا اليوم على هضبة منبسطة وسط واحة خصبة تكثر فيها الأشجار والمساه وتنخفض عن مستوى سطح البحر 276م وترتبط حاليا مع غور الألردن والضفتين الشرقية والغربية بشبكة طرق معبدة ، وهي تقع على الطريق الرئيسية بين القدس والعوز ، وتبعد عن القدس حوالي 37 كم شرقا ، وتعتبر البوابة الشرقية لفلسطين .
تبلغ مساحة قضاء أريحا حوالي 3407كم2 أما مساحة أراضي مدينة أريحا فقد بلغت حوالي 38481 دونما ، وبلغ عدد سكانها عام 1922 (1039) نسمـــة ، وعام 1945 قــــــدروا (3010) نسمة ، وعام 1961 (10166) نسمة . ومناخ أريحا مناخ مداري صحراوي حيث ارتفاع درجة الحرارة معظم شهور السنة وقلة الأمطار وقلما يحدث الصقيع أو سقوط الثلوج فيها ، دافئة شتاء مما يجعلها من أفضل الأماكن للتشتية ويؤمها كثير من الناس لهذا الغرض إضافة إلى السياح للإطلاع على آثارها والتمتع بدفئها .
وقد عرفت أريحا منذ القدم بخصوبة تربتها ووفرة مياهها وقد حافظت على شهرتها الزراعية . وعرفت أريحا منذ القدم كذلك بصناعة السكر وتصنيع التمر وصناعة الحصير ويوجد بها مصنعان للنسيج إضافة لصناعة المياه الغازية وتشميع الحمضيات والمفروشات والكبريت . وتشتهر أريحا بالأماكن السياحية ، ومن أهمها البحر الميت ، قصر هشام بن عبد الملك ، ودير قرنطل ، تل عين السلطان ، دير القديس يوحنا المعمران ، دير حجلة وغيرها
HISTORY PALESTINE YAFAA CITY IN 1948
Posted on March 01, 2011 by Omar Karem
مدينة يافا
مدينة عربية تقع على الساحل الشرقي للبحر المتوسط
وتُعتبر نافذة فلسطين الرئيسة على البحر المتوسط. وإحدى بواباتها الهامة. وقد كانت تلعب دوراً كبيراً وهاماً في ربط فلسطين بالعالم الخارجي. من حيث وقوعها كمحطة رئيسية تتلاقى فيها بضائع الشرق والغرب. وجسراً للقوافل التجارية. ويُعد ميناء يافا هو ميناء فلسطين الأول من حيث القِدم والأهمية التجارية والإقتصادية
تقع يافا على البحر الأبيض المتوسط. إلى الجنوب من مصب نهر العوجا. على بُعد 7كم. وإلى الشمال الغربي من مدينة القدس على بُعد 60كم. وكلمة يافا هي تحريف لكلمة (يافي) الكنعانية. وتعني جميلة. أطلق اليونانيون عليها اسم (جوبي). وذكرها الفرنجة باسم (جافا)
يُشكل تاريخ يافا تصويراً حيّاً لتاريخ فلسطين عبر العصور
فتاريخها يمتد إلى (4000 ق.م). بناها الكنعانيون. وكانت مملكة بحد ذاتها. وغزاها الفراعنة. والآشوريون. والبابليون. والفرس. واليونان. والرومان. ثم فتحها القائد الإسلامي عمرو بن العاص. وخضعت لكل الممالك الإسلامية. إلى أن احتلها الأتراك. ثم الانتداب البريطاني. وبعده نكبة 1948 واحتلال الصهاينة لها وتشريد غالبية سكانها
بلغت مساحة يافا حوالي 17510 دونمات
وضمت سبعة أحياء رئيسية هي : البلدة القديمة. حي المنشية. حي العجمي. حي ارشيد. حي النزهة. حي
الجبلية. وهي هريش (اهريش)
احتلت مدينة يافا مركزاً هاماً في التجارة الداخلية والخارجية بفضل وجود ميناؤها. كما قامت بها عدة صناعات أهمها: صناعة البلاط. والأسمنت. والسجائر. والورق والزجاج. وسكب الحديد. والملابس والنسيج. وكانت أيضاً مركزاً متقدماً في صيد الأسماك
وكانت مدينة يافا مركزاً للنشاط الثقافي والأدبي في فلسطين. حيث صدرت فيها معظم الصحف والمجلات الفلسطينية
وبلغت مدارس يافا قبل 1948 (47) مدرسة منها (17) للبنين. و(11) للبنات. و(19) مختلطة
وكان فيها أيضاً ستة أسواق رئيسية متنوعة وعامرة. وكان بها أربعة مستشفيات. وحوالي12 جامعاً عدا الجوامع المقامة في السكنات. وبها عشرة كنائس وثلاث أديرة
لعبت مدينة يافا دوراً مميزاً وريادياً في الحركة الوطنية ومقاومة المحتل البريطاني من جهة والصهاينة من جهة أخرى. فمنها انطلقت ثورة 1920 ومنها بدأ الإضراب التاريخي الذي عَمَّ البلاد كلها عام 1936. ودورها الفعّال في ثورة 1936. وقد شهدت يافا بعد قرار التقسيم معارك دامية بين المجاهدين وحامية يافا من جهة والصهاينة من جهة أخرى
وبعد سقوط المدينة واقتحامها من قبل الصهاينة في 15/5/1948 جمع الصهاينة أهالي يافا في حي العجمي. وأحاطوه بالأسلاك الشائكة. وجعلوا الخروج منه والد*** إليه بتصريح من الحكم الصهيوني
الخريطة
مدينة فلسطينية تقع على ساحل البحر المتوسط الى الجنوب من مصب نهر العوجا بنحو 7 أكيال على ارتفاع 35 متر عن سطح البحر…واسمها الحديث تحريف لكلمة ياف يالكنعانية بمعنى جميل وتقع قافا القديمة على التلة القائمة على مينائها..كتبتها بعض المصادر يافة بالتاء المربوطة وكتبتها مصار أخرى يافا بالألف وقد ينسب اليها باسم يافوني وتعتبر أقدم موانىء العالم..يعود بناؤها الى الكنعانيين الذين نزلوا البلاد منذ 4500 سنة وقد نزل يافا عام 825 قبل الميلاد النبي يونس ليركب منها سفينة قاصدا ترشيش وعندما قذفه الحوت نزل على الشاطىء الفلسطيني عن النبي يونس قرب أسدود أو عند تل يونس بين وبين ويافا..
فتحها عمرو بن العاص ويقال معاوية وصفها الشاري المقدسي سنة 380هـ فقال: ويافة على البحر صغيرة الا أنها خزانة فلسطين وفرضة الرملة عليها حصن منيع بأبواب محددة..وباب البحر كله حديد..وكانت يافا احدى المراكز التي يتبادل بها الأسرى..فتأتي اليها سفن الروم ومعهم أسارى المسلمين للبيع..كل ثلاثة بمائة دينار..والبرتقال في يافا وسهولها كشجرة الزيتون في منطقة القدس الجبلية..والبرتقال والليمون يرجعان بالأصل الى بلاد الهند..أتى بهما العرب الى عمان فالبصرة فبلاد الشام خلال القرن العاشر الميلادي..ونقلهما الصليبيون من عرب فلسطين..أما البرتقال الحلو فقد اكتشفه البرتغاليون في الهند وقيل لهم انه جاء من الصين..وكان الأترج والكباد يغرف في فلسطين في النصف الأول من العصور المسيحية..وبعد الحرب الأولى أخذ الفلسطينيون يزرعون أنواعا جديدة من الحمضيات وفي مقدمتها ليمون الجنة(الكريفوت)
أخذت يافا تنمو في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر..وأزيل السور وفي سنة 1886 م بوشر البناء في شمال البلدة فكان نواة حي المنشية وأقيمت بجوار الشيخ ابراهيم العجمي البيوت..فنما حي العجمي في جنوب يافا..بلغ عدد سكانها سنة 1945 م “66310 نسمة لم يبق بعد النكبة الا أربعة الاف عربي وفي سنة 1965 م بلغ السكان العرب عشرة الاف من أصل مائة ألف ساكن
وأحياء يافا: في البلدة القديمة..هي: الطابية(القلعة) والنقيب والمنشية في شمالها..وأرشيد والعجمي والجبلية وأهريش والنزهة وهناك أحياء تعرف باسم السكنات تقع بين بيارات البرتقال منها سكنة درويش وسكنة العراينة وسكنة أبو كبير..
في عام 1954 م ضمت يافا الى ضاحيتها السابقة تل أبيب واصبحتا تعرفان باسم تل أبيب يافو وأكثر العرب الباقين في المدينو يسكنون في حي العجمي…
AL NASARAA CITY
مدينة الناصرة
تقوم مدينة الناصرة فوق رقعة متوسطة الارتفاع داخل الجليل الأدنى وترتفع 400 متر عن سطح البحر و300 متر عن مستوى سهل مرج ابن عامر..وتحيط بالناصرة جبال مرتفعة هي جزء من جبال الجليل الأدنى وأهم الجبال المجاورة للناصرة جبل طابور..ويقد يسمى جبل الطور 588 متر ويبعد تسعة أكيال عن الناصرة..تكسوه أشجار السنديان والجوز..وتشير التقاليد المسيحية أن المسيح تجلى على هذا الجبل لطائفة من تلاميذه ولذلك أقيمت عليه الكنائس منذ القرون الأولى للمسيحية..وجبل الني سعين وذكره ياقوت باسم جبال الساعير وذكره النويري في نهاية الأرب..بأنه الجبل الذي ظهرت فيه نبوة عيسى..وجبل الدحي..جنوب الناصرة ويعلو 515 متر نسبة الى قرية الدحي..المدفنون بها دحية الكلبي..صاحب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم..وجبل السيخ ويرتفع 573 م والسيخ كلمة فارسية وهو العمود الذي يوضع فيه اللحم وأهم الينابيع المحيطة بها عين العذراء وعين القناة وعين أبو راس وعين القسطل وعين موسى..
ولم يرد للمدينة ذكر في المصادر قبل الانجيل..وقد استمدت الناصرة مكانتها لأنها مدينة السيد المسيح ومريم العذراء..ففيها ولدت واستوطنت مريم العذراء ويوسف النجار وفيها بشر الملك جبريل مرين بعيسى وفيها قضي المسيح عليه السلام ثلاثين سنة..فتح المدينة شرحبيل بن حسنة سنة 13 هـ وفي الحروب الصليبية بقيت بين أخذ ورد بين المسلمين والمسيحيين الى أن فتحها الظاهر بيبرس وهدم كنائسها وأديرتها..ثم احتلها الملك أدوارد الانجليزي في الحملة الصليبية التاسة والأخيرة سنة 670هـ ثم رجعت الى المسلمين على يد السلطان خليل بن قلاوون سنة 691هـ وظلت الناصرة في حال من الانحطاط مدة ثلاثة قرون بعد هذا التاريخ وقد اتوطنها المسلمون بعد طرد الفرنجة منها ولكن ظل الرهبان والحجاج المسيحيون يزورونها…ذكرها البكري في ” معجم ما استعجم” باسم “نصورية” بفتح الأول وضم الثاني قال: واليها تنسب النصرانية..وقيل اسمها:”ناصرت” بسكون التاء المفتوحة..وقيل ناصرت بالتاء المفتوحة وقيل ناصرة بالتاء المربوطة أما ياقوت الحموي فذكرها باسم الناصرة..وهي مدينة لها مكانة كبيرة في نفوس المسيحيين..وأِشهر كنائسها كنيسة بشارة..التي كانت تؤلف جزءا كبيرا من مسكن مريم العذراء..وقد توالت على هذه الكنيسة أحداث وتداولها الهدم والترميم الى أن بنيت البناء الأخير الفني الطراز سنة 1969م
ومن كنائسها أيضا كنيسة العيالة المسيحية..على بيت وحانوت يوسف النجار وتسمى كنيسة القديس يوسف وهي على بعد 150 متر شمال كنيسة بشارة وكنيسة القديس جبرائيل أو البشارة للروم الأرثوذكس على بعد 800 متر من كنيسة البشارة ودعيت بهذا الاسم لأنه ماءها يجري منعين الناصرة التي كانت مريم تردها كسائر نساء القرية وربما بشرها الملاك بميلاد عيسى عند هذا الحين..بلغ عدد سكان الناصرة سنة 1945م 14200 عربي..وفي سنة 1965م كان بها 25 الف عربي ومن عائلاتها المسلمة دار البيطار..والزعبية..وهما فرعان..دار حمودة..ودار عبيد..ثم حمولة الزيدانة ينسبون الى زيدان جد ظاهر العمر ودار الصفدي ودار عون ودار الفاهوم ودار قبطان والهوارة ودار يزبط أو اليزابكة وعائلة حمادة التي ظهر منها الكتاب والأدباء..أما سكان الناصرة من المسيحيين فأصلهم من لبنان أو حوران ومن عائلاتهم دار أبو جابر وأبو جوهر وأبو العسل ودار أمطانس أبو علي ودار البولس ودار الأورفلي ودار الأشقر ودار أصيلة ودار البجالي ودار الخوري والداموني والديك..
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اضافات
مدينة الناصرة
دلت الحفريات على أن الناصرة سكنت منذ العصر البرونزي المتوسط والعصر الحديدي ، حيث عثر فيها على قبور أثرية منقورة في الصخر وفي الكهوف .
والناصرة مدينة عربية من أكبر مدن فلسطين وأجملها وهي مركز لقضاء يحمل اسمها ” قضاء الناصرة ” ولها مكانة خاصة عند المسيحين في مختلف أنحاء العالم فهم يحجون إليها كما يحجون إلى القدس وبيت لحم ويرجع إليها نسب سيدنا عيسى عليه السلام فدعي “يالناصري ” وعرف أتباعه أيضا بالنصارى .
تقع مدينة الناصرة بين أقضية عكا شمالا ، وحيفا غربا ، وطبرية وبيسان شرقا ، وجنين جنوبا . وهي عاصمة الجليل الأدنى وفي قلبه ، وتقوم على رقعة متوسطة الارتفاع 400م عن مستوى سطح البحر ، و300م عن مستوى سهل مرج بن عامر ، حيث تطل على البحر والمرج والكرمل والغور وجبال النار . بلغت مساحة أراضي قضاء الناصرة 497533 دونما أما مساحة أراضي مدينة الناصرة فقد بلغت 10226 دونما . وبلغ عدد سكان قضاء الناصرة عام 1922 (22681) نسمة ، وقدروا عام 1945 (46100) نسمة وبلغ عدد سكان مدينة الناصرة عام 1922 (7424) نسمة وقدروا عام 1945 (14200) نسمة .
ومناخ الناصرة هو مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط حيث الجفاف والحرارة المعتدلة صيفا والمطر الدفئ شتاء .
وأهم المحاصيل الزراعية في الناصرة ، الحبوب والفواكه ، والزيتون والخضروات ، وأما أهم صناعاتها فهي المصنوعات الخشبية ، وإعداد الجلود وصناعة الفخار وصناعة الهدايا من النحاس والسجاد .
في الناصرة 24 كنيسة وديرا ، وعدد من المعالم الدينية وبعض المساجد وأضرحة الشهداء والصالحين من المسلمين . فهي تضم ضريح الشهيد الشاعر عبد الرحيم محمود ، والمناضل الشاعر توفيق زياد .
وأهم المعالم الدينية : كنيسة البشارة ، كنيسة القديس يوسف ، كنيسة البلاطة ، كنيسة سيدة الرجفة أو الرعشة ، وعين العذراء : هي نبع رئيسي في المدينة وينسب للعذراء مريم لأنها كانت تستقي منها احتلت القوات البريطانية مدينة الناصرة في 21/9/1918 ، وكانت الناصرة في طليعة المدن الفلسطينية التي قاومت الاحتلال البريطاني والصهيوني ، حيث شاركت في كل الثورات والاضطرابات والمؤتمرات الفلسطينية التي شهدتها البلاد ضد البريطانيين والصهاينة . ورغم الدفاع البطولي من أهالي الناصرة وحامينها فقد احتلت المنظمات الصهيونية المسلحة المدينة في يوم الجمعة 16/7/1948 .
واليوم فإن الناصرة هي أكبر مدن فلسطين في الوطن المحتل وتمثل قاعدة للثقافة ومركزا للحركة الوطنية الفلسطينية
مدينة الناصرة
دلت الحفريات على أن الناصرة سكنت منذ العصر البرونزي المتوسط والعصر الحديدي ، حيث عثر فيها على قبور أثرية منقورة في الصخر وفي الكهوف .
والناصرة مدينة عربية من أكبر مدن فلسطين وأجملها وهي مركز لقضاء يحمل اسمها ” قضاء الناصرة ” ولها مكانة خاصة عند المسيحين في مختلف أنحاء العالم فهم يحجون إليها كما يحجون إلى القدس وبيت لحم ويرجع إليها نسب سيدنا عيسى عليه السلام فدعي “يالناصري ” وعرف أتباعه أيضا بالنصارى .
تقع مدينة الناصرة بين أقضية عكا شمالا ، وحيفا غربا ، وطبرية وبيسان شرقا ، وجنين جنوبا . وهي عاصمة الجليل الأدنى وفي قلبه ، وتقوم على رقعة متوسطة الارتفاع 400م عن مستوى سطح البحر ، و300م عن مستوى سهل مرج بن عامر ، حيث تطل على البحر والمرج والكرمل والغور وجبال النار . بلغت مساحة أراضي قضاء الناصرة 497533 دونما أما مساحة أراضي مدينة الناصرة فقد بلغت 10226 دونما . وبلغ عدد سكان قضاء الناصرة عام 1922 (22681) نسمة ، وقدروا عام 1945 (46100) نسمة وبلغ عدد سكان مدينة الناصرة عام 1922 (7424) نسمة وقدروا عام 1945 (14200) نسمة .
ومناخ الناصرة هو مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط حيث الجفاف والحرارة المعتدلة صيفا والمطر الدفئ شتاء .
وأهم المحاصيل الزراعية في الناصرة ، الحبوب والفواكه ، والزيتون والخضروات ، وأما أهم صناعاتها فهي المصنوعات الخشبية ، وإعداد الجلود وصناعة الفخار وصناعة الهدايا من النحاس والسجاد .
في الناصرة 24 كنيسة وديرا ، وعدد من المعالم الدينية وبعض المساجد وأضرحة الشهداء والصالحين من المسلمين . فهي تضم ضريح الشهيد الشاعر عبد الرحيم محمود ، والمناضل الشاعر توفيق زياد .
وأهم المعالم الدينية : كنيسة البشارة ، كنيسة القديس يوسف ، كنيسة البلاطة ، كنيسة سيدة الرجفة أو الرعشة ، وعين العذراء : هي نبع رئيسي في المدينة وينسب للعذراء مريم لأنها كانت تستقي منها احتلت القوات البريطانية مدينة الناصرة في 21/9/1918 ، وكانت الناصرة في طليعة المدن الفلسطينية التي قاومت الاحتلال البريطاني والصهيوني ، حيث شاركت في كل الثورات والاضطرابات والمؤتمرات الفلسطينية التي شهدتها البلاد ضد البريطانيين والصهاينة . ورغم الدفاع البطولي من أهالي الناصرة وحامينها فقد احتلت المنظمات الصهيونية المسلحة المدينة في يوم الجمعة 16/7/1948 .
واليوم فإن الناصرة هي أكبر مدن فلسطين في الوطن المحتل وتمثل قاعدة للثقافة ومركزا للحركة الوطنية الفلسطينية .
JURESLIM CITY
مدينة القدس
تعتبرالقدس من أقدم مدن الأرض ، فقد هدمت وأعيد بناؤها أكثر من 18 مرة في التاريخ، وترجع نشأتها إلى 5000 سنة ق.م، حيث عمرها الكنعانيون، واعطوها اسمها، وفي 3000 ق.م. سكنها العرب اليبوسيين، وبنوا المدينة وأطلقوا عليها اسم مدينة السلام، نسبة إلى سالم أو شالم “إله السلام” عندهم، وقد ظهرت في هذه المدينة أول جماعة آمنت بالتوحيد برعاية ملكها “ملكى صادق”، وقد وسع ملكى صادق المدينة واطلق عليها اسم “أورسالم” أي مدينة السلام. وحملت القدس العديد من الأسماء عبر فترات التاريخ، ورغم هذا التعدد إلا أنها حافظت على اسمها الكنعاني العربي.
وتعتبر القدس ظاهرة حضارية فذة تنفرد فيها دون سواها من مدن العالم، فهي المدينة المقدسة التي يقدسها اتباع الديانات السماوية الثلاث: المسلمون، النصارى، واليهود، فهي قبلة لهم ومصدر روحي ورمزاً لطموحاتهم.
شيدت النواة الأولى للقدس على تلال الظهور (الطور أو تل أوفل)، المطلة على بلدة سلوان، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من المسجد الأقصى، لكن هذه النواة تغيرت مع الزمن وحلت محلها نواة رئيسية تقوم على تلال اخرى مثل مرتفع بيت الزيتون (بزيتا) في الشمال الشرقي للمدينة بين باب الساهرة وباب حطة، ومرتفع ساحة الحرم (مدريا) في الشرق، ومرتفع صهيون في الجنوب الغربي، وهي المرتفعات التي تقع داخل السور فيما يُعرف اليوم بالقدس القديمة.
وتمتد القدس الآن بين كتلتي جبال نابلس في الشمال، وجبال الخليل في الجنوب، وتقع إلى الشرق من البحر المتوسط، وتبعد عنها 52كم، وتبعد عن البحر الميت 22كم، وترتفع عن سطح البحر حوالي 775م، ونحو 1150م عن سطح البحر الميت، وهذا الموقع الجغرافي والموضع المقدس للدينة ساهما في جعل القدس المدينة المركزية في فلسطين.
وكانت القدس لمكانتها موضع أطماع الغزاة، فقد تناوب على غزوها وحكمها في العهد القديم: العبرانيون، الفارسيون، السلوقيون، الرومانيون، والصليبيون، أما في العهد الحديث فكان العثمانيون، والبريطانيون، كلهم رحلوا وبقيت القدس صامدة في وجه الغزاة وسيأتي الدور ليرحل الصهاينة، وتبقى القدس مشرقة بوجهها العربي.
بلغت مساحة أراضيها حوالي 20790 دونماً،
قامت المنظمات الصهيونية المسلحة في 28/4/1948 باحتلال الجزء الغربي من القدس، وفي عام 1967 تم احتلال الجزء الشرقي منها، وفي 27/6/1967 أقر الكنيست الإسرائيلي ضم شطري القدس، وفي 30/7/1980 أصدر الكنيست قراراً يعتبر القدس الموحدة عاصمة لإسرائيل. وقد تعرضت القدس للعديد من الإجراءات العنصرية تراوحت بين هدم أحياء بكاملها مثل حي المغاربة، ومصادرة الأراضي لإقامة المستعمرات، وهدم المنازل العربية أو الإستيلاء عليها، والضغط على السكان العرب من أجل ترحيلهم .
وكانت أكثل الأشكال العنصرية بروزاً هي مصادرة الأراضي، فقد صادرت اسرائيل ما يزيد على 23 الف دونم من مجموع مساحة القدس الشرقية البالغة 70 ألف دونم، منذ عام 1967، وأقيم عليها حوالي 35 ألف وحدة سكنية لليهود، ولم يتم اقامة أي وحدة سكنية للعرب. وما زالت اسرائيل مستمرة في مصادرة الأراضي من القدس.
وتحيط بالقدس حوالي عشرة أحياء سكنية، وأكثر من 41 مستعمرة، تشكل خمس كتل إستيطانية.
تُعتبر القدس من أشهر المدن السياحية، وهي محط أنظار سكان العالم أجمع، يؤمها السياح لزيارة الأماكن المقدسة، والأماكن التاريخية الهامة، فهي تضم العديد من المواقع الأثرية الدينية، ففيها : الحرم الشريف، مسجد الصخرة، المسجد الأقصى، حائط البراق، الجامع العمري، كنيسة القيامة، كما يقع إلى شرقها جبل الزيتون، الذي يعود تاريخه إلى تاريخ القدس، فيضم مدافن ومقامات شهداء المسلمين، وتوجد على سفحه بعض الكنائس والأديرة مثل الكنيسة الجثمانية التي قضى فيها المسيح أيامه الأخيرة.
والقدس حافلة بالمباني الأثرية الإسلامية النفيسة، ففيها أكثر من مائة بناء أثري إسلامي، وتُعتبر قبة الصخرة هي أقدم هذه المباني، وكذلك المسجد الأقصى، وفي عام 1542م شيد السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني سوراً عظيماً يحيط بالقدس، يبلغ محيطه أربع كيلومترات، وله سبعة أبواب هي : العمود، الساهرة، الأسباط، المغاربة، النبي داود، الخليل، الحديد.
وقد تعرض المسجد الأقصى منذ عام 1967 إلى أكثر من عشرين اعتداء تراوحت بين التدمير والهدم، والاحراق، وإطلاق الرصاص، وحفر الأنفاق، واستفزازات الصلاة، وشهدت القدس عدة مذابح ضد الفلسطينيين، وما زال الفلسطينيون وسكان القدس يتعرضوا إلى الإستفزازات والإجراءات العنصرية الصهيونية
الخريطة
تاريخ القدس القديم
أ- الأرض المقدسة:
ب- ليست مقصورة على مدينة القدس, فقد قال العلماء في قوله تعالى:” يا قوم ادخلوا الأرض المقدسة” هي أرض فلسطين وفي قوله تعالى ” الأرض التي باركنا في للعاملين” هي فلسطين
ت- ومن الواضح قوله تعالى في سورة الإسراء” سبحان الذي أسرى بعبده ليلا من المسجد الحرام الى المسجد الأقصى الذي باركنا حوله” هي فلسطين لأن ما حول المسجد الأقصى هو أرض فلسطين.
ث- ويقوم القاضي مجير الدين الحنبلي وهو من أبناء القرن السابع الهجري: أن الحدود العرفية لبيت المقدس في أيامه, كانت من القبلة: مدينة الخليل ومن الشرق: نهر الأردن ومن الشمال نابلس ومن الغرب الى ما يقرب مدينة غزة. وقال بعض العلماء: إنها تشمل كل المدن التي يشملها اسم فلسطين. وقد جاءت هذه القدسية من حلول مجموعة من الأنبياء فيها. وتم لهم التبشير والدعوة الى معرفة الله. وقد جاء في صحيح البخاري أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل: من أكرم الناس يا رسول الله؟ فقال: أتقاهم لله, قالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك: قال : فأكرم الناس يوسف الصديق, فانه نبي الله ابن نبي الله ابن نبي الله بن خليل الله”وهؤلاء الأربعة وهم: إبراهيم الخليل وولده اسحق وولده يعقوب وولده يوسف, قبورهم في فلسطين وفي محل واحد في مدينة الخليل, ومن الأنبياء غير ما ذكرت: النبي لوط الذي هاجر مع عمه إبراهيم الى الأرض المقدسة فقال الله تعالى عن سيدنا إبراهيم”ونجيناه ولوطا الى الأرض التي باركنا في للعالمين”
وهي الأرض المقدسة فلسطين, فإبراهيم عليه السلام نزل الخليل, ولوط نزل سادوم, وعامورة, قرب البحر الميت. وأما يوسف الصديق فهو من مواليد فلسطين بالقرب من نابلس وانتقل الى مصر في قصته المشهورة, وعندما قدم موسى الى الأرض فلسطين حمل جثمانه معه ودفن في الخليل, ومن الأنبياء: داوود, الذي أقام مملكة في القدس وتلاه ابنه سليمان عليها السلام, ومن الأنبياء زكريا ويحيى وعيسى ابن مريم
بناء القدس واسمها:
لقد كان أول من تزل القدس وأرضها” اليبوسيون” وهم قبيلة من الكنعانيين العرب وملكوا عليهم ” ملكي صادق” فاختط مدينة القدس. أو اختطها حفيد ايلياء ولذلك كانت تدعى “يبوس” كما تدعى ايلياء. ويقول القاضي مجير الدين: إن القدس القديمة كانت أكبر من مصر_القاهرة_وأكبر من بغداد في أيام ازدهارها.
ويرجع المؤخرون أن نزوح اليبوسيين الى أرض فلسطين, كان منذ(4000) سنة قبل الميلاد. كانت ديانة اليبوسيين عبادة الأصنام وكان صنمهم الأكبر” بعل” وصنع من الذهب, وقد سميت بعد اسم يبوس, وايلياء, بأسماء كثيرة منها: أورشليم, بمعنى أرض السلام كما سميت صهيون نسبة الى هضبة داخل أورشليم.
أما تسميتها بالقدس أوب يت المقدس فهو اسم اسلامي وقد أضاف اليه العثمانيون ضفة الشريف فقالوا القدس الشريف”
العهود التي مرت على القدس: مرت على القدس العهود التي مرت على فلسطين, فبعد أن بناها اليبوسيون وسكنوها قرونا عديدة, ظهر العبرانيون, والمصريون أتباع موسى, الذين ادعوا أنهم(إسرائيليون” وما هم بإسرائيليين, لأن ذرية إسرائيل يعقوب عليه السلام التي دخلت مصر كان قليلة وامتزجت بالشعب المصري.
جاء هؤلاء مع موسى في نحو القرن الثالث عشر قبل الميلاد وبعد عصر إبراهيم بحوالي 500 سنة وقد وقعوا في التيه في سيناء 40 سنة فدخلوا فلسطين وأناخوا بجوال القدس, يترقبون الفرص لاحتلالها, ومات موسى حينما كانوا منتشرين بين القرى والضياع فصاروا يضايقون سكان القدس, وحانت الفرصة لهم فاحتلوا القدس بعد صراع طويل ضعف فيه أمر اليبوسيين ولكن سكان القدس لم يغادروها وبقول بعد ذلك 300 سنة يقيمون في جبل صهيون داخل القدس, ولم تقم للعبرانيين دولة إلا بعد دخول داود القدس. وكان داود يقيم حبرون “مدينة الخليل, فغزا أورشليم وفتحها فتمسك به العبرانيون وعدوه ملكهم الأول. وبدأ في بناء الهيكل” المعبد” أي المسجد, وأكمله بعده ابنه سليمان في نحو سنة 1007 ق.م فسمي هيكل سليمان ولم يكن داود وسليمان يهودا واكن الهيكل الذي بناه سليمان خاص بالموحدين المؤمنين باله داود وسليمان ولم يكن خاصا بالإسرائيليين أو العبرانيين وبعد موت سليمان انقسمت الدولة الى مملكتين: يهوذا وعاصمتهما( أورشليم” فيا لجنوب من فلسطين ومملكة السامرة وعاصمتها شكيم أي نابلس. ومن ذلك التاريخ ظهر اسم اليهود نسبة الى يهوذا
وعندما جاء نبوخذ نصر الكلداني ملك بابل قضى على دولة اليهود وسبا رجالهم ونساءهم وساقهم الى العراق, وهناك في المنفى كتب اليهود التوراة المحرفة والتلمود, ونشأت الديانة اليهودية بصورة رسمية وعندما قضى الفرس على الكلدانيين وفتحوا بلاد الشام وفلسطين سمحوا لليهود بالعودة و إعادة بناء الهيكل الذي كان نبوخذ نصر قد هدمه, ثم هدم مرة أخرى في العهد اليوناني, وفي القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد وجاء في أثرهم العهد الروماني, وكان من أبرز عهود الرومان, عهد هيرودوس الذي نصبه الرومان حاكما, على فلسطين, فقام بتجديد الهيكل, ثم أحرق نهائيا: ولم يعد أحد يهتدي الى مكانه, وعندما اعتنق الرومان المسيحية وبنوا الكنائس واشتد ساعد المسيحيين في القدس, لم يعد لليهود مكانة منذ ذلك الوقت الى أن جاء الفتح الإسلامي وأعطى الأديان السماوية حقها في العبادة, شعر اليهود بشيء من الاطمئنان ولوا الفتح العربي لما بقي في البلاد يهودي, فهو الذي أنقذهم من اعتداءات الرومان…
يبلغ عمر القدس نحو 35 قرنا..وقد أقيمت نواتها الأولى في بقعة جبلية هي جزء من جبال القدس..ترتفع 750 متر عن سطح البحر المتوسط..ونحو 1150 متر عن سطح البحر الميت..وكانت النشأة الأولى على تلال الضهور (الطور) المطلة على قرية سلوان الى الجنوب الشرقي من المسجد الأقصى..وقد اختير هذا الموضع الدفاعي لتوفير أسباب الحماية والأمن لهذه المدينة…وساعدت مياه عين(أم الدرج) في الجناب الشرقي من الضهور على توفير المياه للسكان..ويحيط وادي جهنم (قدرون) بالمدينة القديمة من الناحية الشرقية..ووادي الربابة(هنوم) من الجهة الجنوبية..ووادي (الزبل) من الجهة الغربية..وقد كونت هذه الأودية خطوطا دفاعية..ولا يمكن دخول القدس الا من الجهتين الشمالية والشمالية الغربية..وقد هجرت النواة الأولى بمرور الزمن وحلت محلها نواة رئيسية تقوم على تلال أخرى..مثل مرتفع بيت الزيتون “بزيتا” في الشمال الشرقي ومرتفع ساحة الحرم”موريا” في الشرق..ومرتفع” صهيون”..وهي المرتفعات التي تقع داخل السور فيما يعرف اليوم بالقدس القديمة..ثم اتسعت المدينة خارج السور والتحمت بها قرى مثل” شعطاف” و”بين حنينا” و”سلوان” و”عين كارم”
_الاسم والتاريخ:
أقدم اسم لها “أورشالم” يعني الاله شالم..أي اله السلام لدى الكنعانيين وورد هذا الاسم بالتوراة..وأطلق على المدينة اسم “يبوس” نسبة الى اليبوسيين من بطون العرب الأوائل في الجزيرة العربية وهم سكان القدس الأصليون نزحوا مع من نزح من القبائل الكنعانية حوالي 3500 سنة قبل الميلاد…وسكنوا التلال المشرفة على المدينة القديمة..وبنى هؤلاء حصنا..وبقي بأيديهم(حتى بعد مجيىء الموسويين) زهاء ثلاثة قرون لعجزهم عن اقتحماه..حتى تولى ملكهم داود..فاحتلوا الحصن واتخذ أورشليم عاصمة له..وأطلق على الحصن ” مدينة داود” وكان أكثر سكان المدينة من اليبوسيين والكنعانيين وبقي اليهود يحكمون القدس (1000) سنة الى أن فتحها نبوخذ نصر البابلي في سنة 586 قبل الميلاد..ودمرها ونقل سكانها اليهود الى بابل..ثم سمح لهم ملك الفرس قورش سنة 538 قبل الميلاد بالرجوع..وبعد الفرس جاء الاسكندر المقدومي في سنة 332 قبل الميلاد..ثم جاء الرومان في سنة 63 قبل الميلاد وقام أحد الأباطرة الرومان بهدمها..وأسس مكانها مستعمرة رومانية باسم “ايليا” ثم أعاد اليها الامبراطور قسطنطين اسم أورشليم..ويبدو أن اسم ايليا بقي متداولا..لأنه وجد في عهد الأمان الذي كتبه عمر بن الخطاب..وقد تم فتح القدس على يد عمر بن الخطاب سنة 15 هـ حيث حضر الى فلسطين..وأعطى أهلها الأمان..وأخذت في العهد الاسلامي اسم “القدس” وبيت المقدس..وهكذا يتبين أن لاباني الحقيقي للقدس هم الكنعانيون..ومن ملوكهم..ملكي صادق واكن موحدا واتخذ من بقعة الحرخ الشريف معبدا له وكان يقدم ذبائحه في موقع الصخرة وما قام به داود وسليمان عليهما السلام من البناء..كان على أساس قديم هو ما بناه ملكي صادق وليا المؤسسين لبيت المقدس
_جبال القدس:
1_جبل الموريا..وعليه الحرم الشريف
2_جبل بزيتا..بالقرب من باب الساهرة
3_جبل أكرا..حيث توجد كنيسة القيامة
4_جبل صهيون..الواقع عليه مقام النبي داود
وجبال القدس ليست الا اكاما مستديرة على هضبة عظيمة بينها أودية صخرية جافة أكثر أيام السنة..ويعرف القسم الجنوبي منها باسم جبال الخليل وأشهر قمم جبال القدس: تل العاصور..وجبل النبي صمويل..وجبل المشارف..وجبل الطور..وجبل الزيتون..وجبل المكبر..وتصل جبال القدس بسهل فلسطين الساحلي عدة أودية منها: وادي جريوت..وباب الواد..أو وادي علي..ووادي الصرار..ووادي الخليل..
_أبواب القدس:
بنى السلطان العثماني سلميان القانوني عام 1542 م سورا عظيما يحيط بالقدس القديمة..يبلغ محيطه أربعة أكيال..وله سبعة أببواب:
1_ باب العمود: وهو معروف عند الأجانب باب دمشق..في منتصف الحائط الشمالي لسور القدس..وهو من ايام السلطان سليمان القانوني..
ب_ باب الساهرة: ويعرف باب” هيرودوس” وهو يقع الى الجانب الشمالي من سور القدس.
2_باب الأسباط: ويسميه الغربيون باب القديس أسطفان..يقع في الحائط الشرقي
3_باب المغاربة..وباب النبي داود في الحائط الجنوبي
4_ باب الخليل: ويسميه الغربيون باب”يافا” ويقع في الحائط الغربي
5_الباب الجديد: في الجانب الشمالي للسور على مسافة كيل غربي باب العمود وهو حديث العهد يعود الى أيام زيارة الامبراطوط غليوم الثاني لمدينة القدس سنة 1898م ( الله يرحمو سيدي نولد بهاي السنةJ)
_القدس(المسافات):
تبعد عن البحر المتوسط في خط مستقيم 52 كيلا و22 كيلا عن البحر الميت وتبعد عن دمشق 290 كيلا وعن القاهرة 528 كيلا
_القدس”المسجد الأقصى”:
يتألف الحرم القدسي من المسجدين..مسجد الصخرة والمسجد الأقصى..وما بينهما وما حولهما حتى الأسوار وقد قام ببناء المسجدين عبد الملك بن مروان..وأوقف على نفقاتهما خراج مصر لمدة سبع سنين..أما قبة الصخرة فتم بناؤها سنة 70 هـ والمسجد الأقصى يبعد نحو 500 متر جنوب الصخرة وشرع في اقامته عبد الملك بعد بناء مسجد الصخرة..وتم بناؤه في عهد ابنه الوليد بن عبد الملك..
BETLAHEM CITY
مدينة بيت لحم
مدينة بيت لحم من المدن الفلسطينية العريقة حيث سكنها الكنعانيون العرب قبل 2000 سنة ق. م. إسمها الأقدم ” أقرات أو افراته” وتعني بالأرامية ” المثمر أو الخصب . “وعرفت باسم بيت ايلو لاهاما” وبيت لاخاما” نسبة إاى اله الطعام (لاهاما) وعند الكنعانيين (لخمو) . وفي الأرامية لخم أو لحم قرية متواضعة تكتنفها الوديان العميقة ، ويروى أن سيدنا يعقوب عليه السلام قد مر بها وهو في طريقه إلى الخليل ، وقد توفيت زوجته راحيل في مكان قريب منها يعرف اليوم باسم (قبة راحيل ) .
وقد أخذ اسم بيت لحم في الظهور بعد ولادة سيدنا المسيح عليه السلام فيها ، وقد أقيمت فوق المغارة التي ولد فيها عيسى عليه السلام كنيسة تعرف باسم ” كنيسة المهد” ، أقامتها هيلانة والدة قسطنطين ملك روما ، وذلك عام 330م ، وتعتبر من أقدم الكنائس في العالم حيث يحج إليها المسيحيون من كل أرجاء المعمورة .
تعد مدينة بيت لحم مركزا لقضاء يضم مدينتين بيت ساحور ، وبيت جالا ، وسبع قرى وأربع قبائل هم (السواحرة ، التعامرة ، ابن عبيد ، الرشايدة) إضافة إلى ثلاث مخيمات للاجئين هي الدهيشة ، العزة ، عايدة .
بلغت مساحة قضاء بيت لحم قبل النكبة عام 1948(6693)كم2 أما بعد النكبة فبلغت مساحته 580كم2 وبلغ عدد سكانه عام 1922 (24613) نسمة وعام 1945 (25171) نسمة وعام 1965 (63003) نسمة ، تقع مدينة بيت لحم على جبل يرتفع عن مستوى سطح البحر 789م وإلى جنوب القدس 10كم ، ويحدها من الشرق أراضي بيت ساحور ومن الغرب أراضي بيت جالا ومن الشمال أراضي قرية أرطاس . وهي ذات مناخ معتدل الحرارة صيفا بارد شتاء . ومساحتة أراضي بيت لحم بلغت 29799 دونما . وبلغ عدد السكان عام 1922 (5568) نسمة وعام 1945 (8820) نسمة وعام 1967 (16300) نسمة ووفقا للإحصاء الفلسطيني لعام 1997 فقد بلغوا (136517) نسمة . وتعتبر مدينة بيت لحم من أهم المدن السياحية في العالم حيث يزورها ويحج إليها المسيحيون طوال العام ، لاحتوائها على العديد من المعالم الأثرية مثل كنيسة المهد ، وكنيسة القديسة كاترينا ، وقبر راحيل ، وبرك سليمان وغيرها .
وفي هذه المدينة تقوم بعض الصناعات والتي ترتبط بالسياحية مثل صناعة الصوف ونحت الخشب وصناعة الأثاث المعدني وغيرها . وقد اشتركت بيت لحم ومنطقتها في جميع الثورات والمظاهرات التي شهدتها البلاد ضد الاحتلالين البريطاني والصهيوني ، وبعد النكبة دخلت هذه المدينة مع مدن الضفة الغربية تحت الحكم الأردني . ثم الاحتلال الصهيوني عام 1967 وكان في بيت لحم عامي 66/67 تسعة عشر مدرسة منها 4 مدارس حكومية وواحدة لوكالة الغوث والباقي مدارس خاصة .
تطوق بيت لحم مجموعة من المستعمرات والتي يطلق عليها مجموعة ” غوش عتسيون ” ووصل عددها في منطقة بيت لحم حنى عام 1985 (16) مستعمرة وأكبر هذه المستعمرات ومركزها ” مستعمرة افرات” ويخطط لإقامة (9) مستوطنات أخرى حتى عام 2010م.
RAFAH CITY
مدينة رفح
مدينة عربية من مدن قضاء غزة..تبعد عن ساحل البحر المتوسط نحو 5/6 خمسة أكيال ونص..وقد اكتسبت أهمية خاصة لكونها نقطة الحدود الفلسطينية الجنوبية مع مصر..وموقعها الطبيعي جعلها كذلك..فمن بعدها نحو الجنوب تقل الأمطار..وينتهي الخصب..وتبدأ الصحراء..وقد وردت في التاريخ بأسماء متعددة:فعند المصريين القدماء باسم”روبيهوى”..وعند الاشوريين”رفيحو”وعند اليونان”رافيا” وسماها العرب” رفح”..حررها العرب على يد عمرو بن العاص في زمن عمر بن الخطاب..ويصفها ياقتوت بأنها كانت في القرن السابع الهجري خرابا..ويذكر على المهلبي أنها كانت مدينة عامرة فيها سوق وجامع ومنبر فنادق وأهلها من لخم وجذام…وفيهم لصوصية واغارة على أمتعة الناس حتى أن كلاهم أضر كلاب أرض بسرقة ما يسرق مثله الكلاب…ويذكر بأنه كان على ثلاثة أميال من رفح شجر جميز مصطف بين جانبيي الطريق على اليمين والشمال نحو ألف شجرة متصلة أغصان بعضها ببعض مسيرة يومين..وعادت الى مسرح الحياة عندما مر بها نابليون أثناء حملته على الشام قادما من مصر سنة 1799م..وبعد ذلك بنحو مائة عام سنة 1898م زارها الخديوي اسماعيل..وزارها الخديوي عباس حلمي من أجل تعيين الحدود المصرية السورية..وأقر في هذه الزيارة بأن عمودي الغرانيت القائمين تحت شجرة السدر القديمة هما الحد الفاصل بين سورية ومصر..وحصل نزاع بين حكومة تركيا وبين مصر التي كانت تحتلها بريطانيا بشأن الحدود التي تفصل سيناء عن فلسطين سنة 1906 فقد كانت ترى تركيا أن مصر من أملاكها..واحتل جنود أتراك ” طابا” على خليج العقبة..ثم رضخت تركيا لطل بريطانيا وانسحبت من “طابا” وفي سنة 1917م احتل البريطانيون رفح وأخرجو العثمانيين منها..تبعد رفح نحو 38 كيلا جنوب غزة ونحو 13 كيلا جنوب خان يونس وترتفع نحو 48 م عن سطح البحرز.كانت في القديم تقسم الى قسمين رفح الشرقية ورفح الغربية..وفصل بينهما كثبان من الرمال..ومن أشهر قبائل رفح الشرقية: عشيرة قشطة..وأبو ضهير..وأما رفح الغربية فأشهر عشائرها عشيرة زعرب..ويعود معظم سكانها الى خان يونس والى بدو صحراء النقب وصحراء سينا حيث كانوا يأتون الى رفح أثناء المواسم الزراعية ثم يعودون ثم استقروا وبنوا مساكنهم.وكان يسكنها قبل الاسلام وبعده قبائل لخم وجذام العربية…وقد أصبحت الام متصلة العمران شرقيتها وغربيها..وعمرت الأرض كلها بالزراعة وخاصة البرتقال..وفيها مخيم كبير للاجئين..وبلغ عدد السكان سنة 1979م من اللاجئين وأهل البلد الأصليين حوالي 90 ألف نسمة..يعملون في الزراعة والتجارة..والمواصلي على بحر رفح لا تقل مكانتها عن مواصي خان يونس..حيث تكثر المياه وتجود الزراعة…
مدينة رفح
تقع مدينة رفح في أقصى الجنوب وتبعد عن مدينة غزة حوالي 35كم. وعن خان يونس 10كم. يحدها من الغرب البحر المتوسط ومن الشرق خط الهدنة عام 48 ومن الجنوب الحدود المصرية الفلسطينية. وتعتبر رفح من المدن التاريخية القديمة فقد أنشأت قبل خمس آلاف سنة وعرفت بأسماء عديدة. فقد عرفها الفراعنة باسم (روبيهوى) وأطلق عليها الآشوريون اسم (رفيحو) وأطلق عليها الرومان واليونان اسم (رافيا) وأطلق عليها العرب اسم رفح.
ومما زاد من أهميتها عبر التاريخ مرور خط السكة الحديدية الواصل بين القاهرة وحيفا في أراضيها وقد اقتلع هذا الخط بعد عام 1967.
قسمت مدينة رفح إلى شطرين بعد اتفاقية كامب ديفيد. حيث انفصلت رفح سيناء عن رفح الأم.
وتقدر مساحة ما ضم إلى الجانب المصري حوالي 4000 دونم وبقي من مساحة أراضيها 15500 دونم اقتطع منها حوالي 3500 دونم للمستعمرات.
تبلغ المساحة المزروعة في رفح حوالي 7500 دونم تزرع مختلف أنواع المزروعات كالحمضيات واللوزيات والخضروات.
وقُدر عدد سكانها
• عام 1922 حوالي (599) نسمة.
• وفي عام 1945 (2220) نسمة.
• وفي عام 1967 (10800) نسمة من السكان الأصليين.
تأسست في المدينة أول مدرسة ابتدائية عام 1936 وتطورت الحركة التعليمية بشكل ملحوظ وفتحت العديد من المدارس لجميع المراحل الدراسية.
صادرت سلطات الإحتلال مساحات شاسعة من اراضيها.
وأقامت عليها مستعمرة (موراج) عام 1987.
ومستعمرة غوش قطيف التي تفصل بين مدينة رفح وشاطئ البحر.
ومستعمرة نباي اتزمون عام 1979.
ومستعمرة بيدولة عام 1986.
ومستعمرة رفيح يام عام 1986. بيات سارح عام 1989
GAZA HISTORY
المدن السياحية:
غزة
الموقع والتسمية
في الجزء الجنوبي من الساحل الشرقي للبحر المتوسط تقع مدينة غزة، وقد جاء موقعها عند التقاء إقليمين جغرافيين متباينين، إقليم البحر المتوسط بمناخه المعتدل وأراضيه الخصبة ومياهه العذبة، والإقليم الصحراوي الجاف، وأراضيه ذات الرمال المتحركة، وهي بهذا تحتل موقعاً ذا أهمية كبيرة، فهي تقع على أبرز الطرق التجارية القديمة، حيث تتجمع فيها التجارة القادمة من الهند، وحضرموت واليمن ومكة، لتنتقل فيما بعد إلى دمشق وتدمر، وباقي مناطق الشام، وزادت أهميتها الاقتصادية فيما بعد، خصوصاً بعد إنشاء خط سكة حديد القنطرة- حيفا، ماراً بغزة، ويواصل هذا الخط طريقه إلى لبنان وسوريا وتركيا.
وغزة كلمة كنعانية عربية وقد قيل في معناها أقوال منها أن غزة تعني خص، فيقول ياقوت الحموي في كتابه معجم البلدان: اغتز فلان بفلان أي اختصه من بين أصحابه، وقد قيل أيضاً أن غزة تعني القوة أو المنعة، وسماها الكنعانيون باسم هزاني، والعبرانيون غزة، وسماها المصريون القدماء باسم غازاتو وغاداتو، وسماها الأشوريون عزاتي، وسماها الفرس هازانوت بمعنى الكنز، وأعطيت عبر العصور المختلفة أسماء عديدة منها، أيوني ومينودا وقسطنديا إلا أن غزة احتفظت باسمها العربي التي ما زالت محتفظة به حتى الآن.
غزة عبر التاريخ :
مدينة غزة قديمة قدم التاريخ فهي وليدة عصور متتالية وقرون طويلة، تركت بصماتها فيها، وتركت هي أيضاً بصماتها على مدى السنين وتوالي الأيام، وكان من أقدم. من سكن غزة من القبائل الكنعانية هم الأليقيم كما سكنها منهم بطون المعنيين، وهم أول من ارتادها وغشي أسواقها من العرب الأوائل، ويذكر بعض المؤرخين أن المعينين هم أول من أسسوا مدينة غزة بعد اكتشاف أهمية موقعها، وأهمية الطرق المؤدية إليها، والخارجة منها وبعد المعينين أخذ السبأيون يؤمون غزة بقوافلهم التجارية، ومن أقدم من استوطن غزة العويون ثم الكنعانيون ثم العناقيون كما استوطنها المديانيون والأدوميون والعموريون والكنعانيون وغيرهم إلا أن الكنعانيين هم أول من سكنوها وحافظوا على وجودها وتركوا بصماتهم على تاريخها الطويل، وسجل التاريخ بأن الكنعانيين هم العرب الأوائل الذين يرجعون بأنسابهم إلى العمالقة، وجاءت هجرتهم مد للموجات السامية التي أخذت طريقها إلى البلاد، ويذكر المؤرخون أن مدينة غزة يعود تاريخها إلى 4000- 3500 سنة قبل الميلاد.
وقد سميت فلسطين في ذلك الوقت بأراضي كنعان، كانت غزة تمثل الحد الجنوبي من أرض كنعان التي امتدت إلى الشمال في عكا وصيدا، وعلى طول الساحل أقيمت المدن الكنعانية المحاطة بالأسوار وشيدوا حضارة عظمى، عرفت التجارة والصناعة والتعدين، كما اخترعوا الحروف الهجائية، ووضعوا الشرائع والقوانين، وعبد الكنعانيون الأصنام، ومن أصنامهم بعل أو السيد وهو الإله الذي اشتهرت به غزة عندما كانت عبادة الأوثان هي السائدة.
وكان الكنعانيون ماهرين في فنون الحرب، وتميزوا بالجرأة لدرجة أنهم ثاروا على ملوك مصر مثل رعمسيس الثاني والمشهور باسم سيزو سترس أو رعمسيس الأكبر، وهو أعظم من ملك مصر بالحكمة والبطش مدة طويلة، وقاوم الكنعانيون الغزوة العبرية، مما أثار حفيظة الإسرائيليين، فتناولوهم كثيراً في أشعارهم لكثرة ما بطشوا بهم كما ذكروا غزة كثيراً فقالوا في الإصحاح الثاني من سفر صفينا إن غزة تكون متروكة، واشكلون للخراب.
ولقد كان لغزة شأن مع المصريين القدماء والفراعنة، حيث عبر الكثير من ملوك مصر الفراعنة، إما لفتحها أو للانطلاق منها لفتح الشام، وكانت ذات أهمية خاصة لهم، وكانت في عهد الأسرة الثامنة عشر والتاسعة عشر المقر الرئيسي للجيش المصري المحتل لفلسطين، واتخذها تحتمس قاعدة لهجومه، ثم خضعت غزة لسيطرة الهكسوس بعد أن تمنعت عنهم مدة طويلة، عندما كانت تأخذ موقعاً عند تل العجول، حيث كان البحر قريباً من المدينة، والسفن ترسوا على شواطئها، واستوطنها الهكسوس استعداداً لهجومهم على مصر، وشهدت غزة نوعاً من الازدهار في عهدهم، قبل طردهم من قبل المصريين، وقد عثر على كثير من الآثار التي تدل على هذه الحقبة من تاريخ غزة، تضمن حلي ذهبية وكنوز ثمينة.
ثم خضعت مدينة غزة للفلسطينيين، وهم شعب جاء من البحر المتوسط، وأسسوا خمس ممالك، وكانت غزة إحداها، أما الأربعة الأخرى فهي عسقلان- اسدود- وجت وعفرون، وقد أطلق اسم فلسطين على أرض كنعان نسبة إلى هذه القبائل، وحارب الفلسطينيون الغزاة الإسرائيليين، وحالوا دون سيطرتهم على المدن الفلسطينية، وكان للفلسطينيين مراكب وعربات الخيول وبرعوا في صناعة المحاريث والآلات المنزلية، وكانت لهم ديانة، ومن أشهر هياكلهم الآلهة داجوان.
ثم تعرضت مدينة غزة لحكم الأشوريين، وكان ذلك في عهد ملكهم تبغلات بلازر الأول، ودارت معارك متعددة بين المصريين والأشوريين، حيث تحالف أهلها مع المصريين، ثم جاء الملك سرجت، وتمكن من إخضاعها، وأسر ملكها حانون عام 720 ق م، وقد سميت غزة آنذاك باسم مارنا أو سيدنا، وظلت خاضعة للأشوريين حتى عام 609 ق م، حيث أعادها الملك نيخو الثاني المصري إلى حظيرة المملكة المصرية بقوة السلاح.
وبعد ذلك خضعت غزة لحكم البابليين، وكان أول من هاجمها منهم الملك سرجون الأكادي، ثم ابنه كارام سين، إلا أن حكمهم لم يدم طويلاً لتمكن المصريين من استرداد المدينة ولكنهم تراجعوا تحت ضغط البابليين، وخضعت غزة مرة ثانية للبابليين.
في عام 535 ق.م خضعت غزة لحكم الفرس في عهد ملكهم قنبيز، واتخذوها موقعاً حربياً ومنطلقا لتحركاتهم نحو مصر، ومنحت غزة إدارة مستقلة ضمن التشكيلات الإدارية التي أحدثتها الفرس على فلسطين، ثم خضعت غزة للحكم اليوناني في عهد الإسكندر الأكبر المقدوني عام 332 ق م. بعد أن حاصرها مدة طويلة، لأنها استعصت عليه، وأصبحت مدينة عظيمة، وشجع عدد من اليونانيين لإقامة فيها والاختلاط بأهلها، وانتشرت اللغة اليونانية في البلاد، وأصبحت لغة البلاد الرسمية، ولغة العلم والمدارس، ثم خضعت المدينة لحكم الرومان عام 96ق م، وكانت غزة تدار رأساً من إمبراطور الرومان عن طريق مندوب سامي، وقد أقام الرومان مصانع لسك النقود في غزة، وكانت هذه النقود تحمل اسم غزة على وجه، والحرف M على الوجه الآخر، إشارة إلى الصنم المعبود مارنا، وحملت بعض النقود صور انطوينوس وعلى الوجه الآخر صنم الحظ تيخافون، وظهرت صور أخرى على أنواع العملة المسكوكة في غزة، وازدهرت التجارة والعمران في عهد الرومان الذين أعادوا بناءها.
وتشير كتب التاريخ إلى صلابة شعب غزة وتمسكه الدائم بما ورثه، وحفاظه على قوميته وكرهه للغزاة، وكانت غزة في العهد القديم من معاقل الوثنية، حيث كان يوجد فيها ثماني هياكل وثنيه، عدا الأصنام الكثيرة التي كانت موجود في البيوت والقصور، بالإضافة إلى الاله داجون، وهو من الآلهة التي عبدها سكان غزة في العهود الغابرة ولا سيما عهد الفلسطينيين، وعند ظهور المسيحية بلغ العداء أشده بين الوثنيين والمسيحيين عام 395 ق.م عندما تولى الأسقفية فيها بروفيريوس الذي واصل جهوده لنشر المسيحية بعد أن حصل على تأييد الإمبراطورة افدوكسيا التي أقرت بإغلاق المعابد الوطنية، وفعلاً تم إغلاق وهدم المعابد في عملية استغرقت 10 أيام.
وفي عام 634 ق.م فتحت مدينة غزة من قبل العرب المسيحيين على يد القائد أبي أمامة الباهلي بعد معركة الدمثية – داثن.
وأقام العرب المسيحيون في غزة الحصون التي أنشأوها على السواحل، وكانوا يسمونها الرباطات، وأنشئ في غزة العديد منها، والرباط نوع من مراكز المراقبة.
وفي عام 1100م ثم احتلال مدينة غزة من قبل الصليبيين بقيادة جودفري، وقد حاول الصليبيون طمس أهمية غزة التجارية، إذ جعلوا عسقلان المركز الرئيسي للنصرانية في فلسطين، ولم يعتنوا بها من الناحية العسكرية، واستمر ذلك حتى عام 1149 عندما أمر الملك الصليبي بلدوين الثالث بإعادة تحصين غزة، فهدم أسوارها القديمة وبني فيها سوراً جديداً عادت غزة للحكم الإسلامي عام 1187م بعد انتصار المسلمين بقيادة صلاح الدين الأيوبي على الصليبيين في موقعه حطين، ثم عادت غزة ثانية إلى حكم الصليبيين، إلا أن القائد بيبرس تمكن من هزيمة الصليبيين في معركة غزة الثانية، والتي كانت لها أكبر الأثر في طرد الصليبيين من فلسطين، حتى أن بعض المؤرخين أطلقوا عليها حطين الثانية.
ثم تعرضت غزة للغزو المغولي المدمر إلا أن المسلمين تمكنوا من هزيمتهم على يد القائد ركن الدين بيبرس عام 1260م في موقعة عين جالوت، وتم طرد المغول نهائياً من فلسطين.
وهكذا فإن غزة كانت في عهد المماليك محطة للسلاطين يمرون منها في كل غزوة ضد الصليبيين، أو المغول، فأصبحت من أهم مراكز البريد، وقد زارها سلاطين المماليك والكثير من الرحالة.
ثم خضعت غزة للحكم العثماني بعد انتصار العثمانيين على المماليك، في موقعه مرج دابق عام 1516م، ولعبت دوراً هاما إبان الحكم العثماني وكانت في أغلب الأوقات سنجقاً أو لواء في ولاية الشام.
وفي عام 1799م، احتلها نابليون بونابرت قائد الحملة الفرنسية على مصر وبلاد الشام، كما دخلت تحت الحكم المصري عام 1831 بعد أن أرسل محمد على إلى مصر حملة إلى بلاد الشام بقيادة ابنه إبراهيم باشا وانسحب عام 1841م.
وفي عام 1917م دخلت غزة تحت الحكم البريطاني، واستمرت كذلك حتى عام 1948 حيث خضعت للإدارة المصرية، وفي عام 1956 وقعت تحت الاحتلال الإسرائيلي نتيجة العدوان الثلاثي وعادت عام 1957 الى الإدارة المصرية وفي عام 1967 وقعت تحت الاحتلال الإسرائيلي في أعقاب حرب الخامس من حزيران 1967، وفي عام 1994 غادر جنود الاحتلال الإسرائيلي مدينة غزة لتتولى إدارة المدينة السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية إثر اتفاقات أوسلو.
وطوال هذا التاريخ الطويل كانت غزة جزءاً من الوطن الفلسطيني، شاركت في جميع الثورات ضد البريطانيين واليهود أعوام 1929، 1936، 1948، ثم تعرضت لعدوان 1956 و1967 وقد تعرض أهالي مدينة غزة لممارسات المحتلين من قتل وتشريد ونسف للمنازل.
السكان والنشاط الاقتصادي:
تعرض سكان غزة إلى التذبذب بين الزيادة والنقصان، حيث قدر عدد سكان مدينة غزة عام 1840م نحو 2000 نسمة، وأصبح العدد في مطلع القرن العشرين26000 نسمة وقبل الحرب العالمية الأولى وصل إلى 32000 نسمة، انخفض بشكل حاد بعد الحرب ليصل إلى 4000 نسمة، ثم عاد للارتفاع ليصل إلى 17000 نسمة عام 1927، و19695 نسمة عام 1938 ووصل إلى 40000 نسمة عام 1947، ثم ارتفع بشكل كبير بعد عام 1946 بسبب تدفق أعداد كبيرة من اللاجئين فوصل عدد سكان مدينة غزة إلى 102431 نسمة عام 1954 وتوالت بعد ذلك الزيادات السكانية لمدينة غزة.
وقد مارس سكان مدينة غزة العديد من الأنشطة أهمها:
الزارعة: وقد حاولت مدينة غزة أن تنهض باقتصادها الزراعي لدرجة أنها كانت تصدر كميات كبيرة من إنتاجها كالشعير التي صدرت منه 18616 طناً عام 1930 على الرغم من عدم تشجيع حكومة الانتداب البريطاني لهذا المحصول.
وكانت غزة مشهورة بزيتها وزيتونها، وكان زيتها يصدر إلى الخارج وإلى سائر المدن الفلسطينية بكميات كبيرة، حيث انتشرت غابات الزيتون حول مدينة غزة إلا أن الجيش التركي قطع حوالي 95% من أشجار الزيتون لاستعمال حطبها للوقود بدلاً من الفحم الحجري في تسيير القطارات.
ولذلك أصبحت غزة من أقل المدن إنتاجاً للزيتون وزيته، وبالإضافة إلى الزيتون كان هناك أشجار النخيل والكروم والبساتين والخضراوات.
الصناعة: واشتهرت مدينة غزة بالعديد من الصناعات، أهمها صناعة النسيج، حيث كانت تنسج الصوف وقد وجد في غزة عام 1943 44 نولاً تنسج البسط والعباءات و 20 نولاً لنسج الأقمشة القطنية والحريرية المستعملة في الأبنية البلدية والريفية، وقد لعبت هذه الصناعة دوراً كبيراً أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية وانصراف المواطنين إلى الصناعات المحلية.
وبالإضافة إلى صناعة النسيج كان هناك صناعة الفخار، حيث كان يصدر فخارها إلى سائر المدن الفلسطينية، وصناعة الجلود والدباغة، واستخراج الكبريت من منطقة المشبه على بعد 6 كم جنوب شرق غزة، حيث ثم استخراج 422 طناً عام 1936، إلا أن المصنع توقف أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، ولم يعمل منذ ذلك التاريخ، وهناك صناعات أخرى مثل صنع الملابس والحلويات وغيرها.
أما بعد عام 1946م فقد تطور النشاط الاقتصادي كماً ونوعاً، ففي مجال الزراعة أصبحت الحمضيات هي القطاع الأهم الذي يحقق دخلاً، حيث وصلت المساحة المزروعة بالحمضيات عام 1966 حوالي 70000 دونم، وقد مارست إسرائيل ضغوطاً على هذا المحصول بعد احتلالها للمدينة عام 1967م، فبعد أن وصل الإنتاج عام 1975-1976 إلى 237.100 طن انخفض ليصبح 153000 طن عام 1983، وذلك بسبب الممارسات الإسرائيلية المتمثلة في قطع الأشجار وعدم السماح بزراعة مساحات جديدة من أشجار الحمضيات، حيث لم تشهد سنوات الاحتلال أي نشاط صناعي، كما أنها عملت على إجهاض أي محاولة لتطوير الصناعات المحلية.
كما اعتمد قطاع من سكان غزة على الصيد رغم القوانين المجحفة التي اتخذتها اسرائيل للحد من ممارسة هذه المهنة من قبل سكان غزة.
النشاط الثقافي في مدينة غزة:
كان في غزة في نهاية الانتداب البريطاني ست مدارس حكومية، اثنتان منها للبنات وأربع للبنين، بالإضافة إلى التعليم الأهلي مثل كلية غزة التي تأسست عام 1942 على يد الأخوين شفيق ووديع ترزي، وكان لها دور فعال في بعث وتنشيط الحركة الثقافية، حيث عمدت الكلية إلى إقامة مهرجان ثقافي سنوي، تقدم فيه الإبداعات مثل الشعر والخطابة والتمثيل وفي الفترة من 1948-1967 شهد التعليم إقبالاً كبيراً من أبناء قطاع غزة، حيث ذهب أبناء غزة بالآلاف إلى الجامعات وتخرج منهم العديد من المهندسين والأطباء والأكاديميين الذين انتشروا في العالم العربي، وكانوا مصدر دخل للقطاع إلا أنه بعد احتلال قطاع غزة، فإن الأوضاع التعليمية شهدت نوعاً من التردي، نظراً لممارسات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي، حيث عملت السلطات الإسرائيلية على تشويه وتخريب المناهج الدراسية، واعتقال المعلمين والطلاب، وعدم دعم المدارس بالمدرسين الأكفاء، بالإضافة إلى المعاناة المادية التي تعانيها مؤسسات التعليم والتي أثرت على سير العملية التعليم، كعدم توفر المباني والمختبرات والتجهيزات – ..الخ.
أما عن الحركة الثقافية، فقد اعتمد سكان غزة على الصحف اليومية التي كانت تصدر من يافا والقدس، والتي كان لها الدور الإعلامي الهام والرئيس، خاصةً في مراحل الثورات وتحريك الجماهير وتعبئتها، ومن هذه الصحف جريدة الدفاع – جريدة القدس- جريدة الوحدة، ومجلة الحقوق، وحقوق الحق، وصحيفة الوطن العربي.
وبالإضافة إلى الصحافة كان هناك مجموعة من الأندية التي كان لها دور في الحركة الثقافية في مدينة غزة مثل:
النادي الرياضي: الذي تأسس عام 1934 على يد رشاد الشوا، والنادي القومي الذي أسسه فائق بسيسو عام 1936، ونادي الشباب العربي الذي تأسس عام 1942 على يد منير الريس، والنادي الشعبي الذي أسسه جمال الصوراني عام 1946، والنادي الأرثوذكسي العربي الذي أسسه اسكندر فرح عام 1944، أما جمعيات المرأة فيوجد العديد منها، فقدت تأسست جمعية الاتحاد النسائي العربي بغزة عام 1946 وجمعية النهضة النسائية وجمعية التقدم النسائي، وكانت لهذه الجمعيات دور كبير في توعية المرأة، بالإضافة إلى الاشتراك في المظاهرات والأنشطة السياسة.
كما توجد في غزة جمعية الشبان المسيحية التي تقوم بالكثير من النشاطات الفنية والثقافية والرياضية.
معالم المدينة
تضم مدينة غزة عدة أحياء وهي:
حي الدرج -وحي الزيتون- وحي الشجاعية -وحي التفاح – وحي الرمال- وتنشر فيها العديد من المعالم الأثرية والعمرانية مثل:
1. الجامع العمري الكبير في حي الدرج، وهي من الجوامع العظمي في فلسطين، ضخم البناء، كبير القيمة الأثرية.
2. جامع السيد هاشم، ويقع في حي الدرج، ومدفون فيه هاشم بن عبد مناف جد الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام، أنشئ في عهد المماليك.
3. جامع ابن عثمان ويقع في حي الشجاعية، ويأتي بعد الجامع العمري الكبير، من حيث الحجم ومتانة البناء.
4. جامع كاتب الولاية، ويقع في حي الزيتون.
5. جامع الشمعة، ويقع في حارة الزيتون.
6. جامع ابن مروان، ويقع في حي التفاح.
7. جامع المحكمة، ويقع في حي الشجاعية.
8. جامع الشيخ عبد الله الأيبكي، ويقع في حي التفاح.
ومن المعالم المسيحية:
1. كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكسي، وبنيت عام 425م.
2. كنيسة اللاتين، وبنيت عام 1879م.
3. كنيسة البروتستانت وبنيت عام 1887.
وجميعها تقع في حي الزيتون.
أما من حيث المعالم الأثرية فهناك:
1. تل العجول، ويقع جنوب غرب غزة، وهو موضع مدينة غزة قديماً.
2. ميناء غزة “ميوى” أقيمت في العهد الرومان.
3. خربة أم التوت.
4. تل النفيد أو تل الصنم.
وقد عثر فيها على الكثير من الآثار التي تدل على النشاط العربي القديم، ومن المعالم العمرانية :
1. قيصرية غزة- سوق الذهب- ويقع عند الباب الشمالي .
2. حمام السمرة.
ISRAEL ATTACKED GAZA TODAY
Posted on February 28, 2011 by Omar Karem
Israel Tanks Entered Gaza Today February 28, 2011 their aims to Close the Roads that Connect Egypt and Rafah Gaza, Palestine
yesterday they attacked some people in Magazi camp no death were reported .
Israel now trying to take the time to make something inhumane in Gaza. Trying to inflict fear into the people, that are gathering together to end the internal divisions.
For the last few weeks the unrest can be felt in Palestine as all the people are Uniting to reconciled their differences between their views on the conflict and the aim of Israel to keep the division alive.
All the people inside Palestine and outside are raising their voices for ONE PALESTINE, There is one road to peace, Israel must end the occupation and Palestine be one Nation.
The US and the UN Club need to come to the realization that their support for Israel needs to end if they want to build lasting peace in the Middle East. As the situation is the middle east is concern the people are taking their lands back and the US needs to see itself isolated in its attempt to keep the dictators in place.
Israel is the only danger that we see in the middle east and in the world. Their lobbyists groups around the world are finally exposed and and there is no secrecy.
STUDENT PROTEST IN EYGPT TO END THE SPLIT OF PALESTINE
Posted on February 28, 2011 by Omar Karem
Students protest in Egypt to end the split PALESTINE
Stand and saw several interventions for the children of Palestine, particularly of students of different social strata
And groups to calls for emphasizing the importance of the unity of Palestinian ranks; has asked Mohammed Amarna (Doctor of Law – Cairo University) wondered: “How we live each day and the … occupation Jassim to our hearts, if not split ends Fsndao to change in favor of?? How to fall asleep our eyes and we We still say I’m from the West Bank and Gaza!! Palestine is One .. enough of the names scattered .. so it came to stress the importance of the Palestinian legitimacy and the transfer of all of our leadership Palestinian Let the people stand up by himself to end the division .. how long will insist on wearing the dress division? ”
He said student David David (spokesman for the students of Arab Media Research Institute) on the importance of the fooled BC rallies in Gaza and the West Bank and abroad and at home for one goal: to bridge the divide Filstiniy behind the legitimacy of President Abu Mazen, and Mohammed Al-Baghdadi (official Palestine Students in the academy naval branch of the Sheraton) In the appeal, saying: “For all the youth of Palestine and they are voice of the nation working to end division to guide the effort against the real enemy of Israel and to establish our Palestinian state and Jerusalem as its capital. ”
And crossed the press Salsabil Bseiso hoped that culminated in the revolutions of the Palestinian Popular, which was launched both on Facebook-style revolutions in the Arab region to the inevitable outcome in the near future, she said: “We have noticed in recent times in various countries how the collapsed every official of adherence to chair his reign in order to the protection of personal interests and narrow in front of the voice and will of the people reject him; and therefore everyone must learn a lesson and takes care of the national interests of the public to back Palestine as it was and return the brothers loved ones as they were .. Gaza is known flesh sons together enough of the accounting both for differences in our policy only; and we promise to Palestine just do not and to come back the Palestinian social fabric is known for its history as it was to live Palestine .. again ”
The Fady Madhoun (human medicine – University of Alexandria), saying: “came in this student delegation to emphasize the principles established in our dictionary Palestinian We are all talking and his eyes on Palestine, which in the most difficult their situations over the past five years, if we revisit the years of the five that have elapsed in the history of our Snagdna harvested Segmentation is not is that brought us back This could spur us to terminate as soon as .. the Palestinian cause is stronger humanitarian issue passed in human history; and here the aspects of a letter of thanks to the Ambassador of Palestine to assimilate to our demands in order to uphold our voice, hence the call for a protest in all embassies world, because the national unity is the main Mnfzna, Fadi and the message to the brothers to end the division in order not to reach the abyss and said: “We have a lot to go back Palestine as it was before 2005, why not start now ..”.
The sound Talouli embassy official student activities at the end of paragraph hair stand calling for national unity, and concluded by the Palestinian stance on the Palestinian Ohtav revolutionary songs which merged the votes of those present, saying: Hamas and Fatah unity is the foundation.
MESSAGE OF PALESTINIANS STRANDED AT CAIRO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Posted on February 28, 2011 by Omar Karem
Barred from travel to Egypt, Gazans abroad stranded
THE MESSAGE FROM THE PALESTINIANS
MR.BR / Marshal Tantawi
Commanding General of the Egyptian Armed Forces – May God protect him
Peace, Mercy and Blessings of God
Subject: your brothers, your Palestinians son stuck abroad
We hope that you will be the beginning of good health and wellness, and God bless Egypt and its people and its army.
You, the army of Egypt … O best forces of the Earth … O hemispheres Umar ibn al-Aas may Allah be pleased with him … O compelling goats, oh heroes of the Tenth of Ramadan …
His Excellency Commander … Nkelmkm from the reality of history, culture and common destiny, the reality of love for Egypt and its people and its army, and Egypt, which has always stood, without any hesitation as well as Palestine, and provided for the martyrs and the wounded.
We are your sons and brothers trapped in the Arab and Islamic countries, our patients and those with special needs, who are being persecuted by bullets and shells the Israeli occupation, and some of us students who are prevented conditions between them and their families.
We have cut our ways, and we do not have enough money, and now we stay abroad onerous in terms of physical and psychological, this case is a difference between father and son, husband and wife, and the eyes of our children shed tears day and night, and with every tear from the heart asking you to end this suffering, and allow us to return to Palestine.
You have stood with us throughout history, and we are confident that you Sttakermwa allow us to go to our beloved Egypt, so that we can return to the Gaza Strip through the Rafah crossing.
His Excellency Field Marshal … You know, we suffer from death and destruction, displacement and deprivation of medical treatment, study and work, not hesitate to Israeli occupation for tightening the noose around our necks to kill us, love of life, and you helped in after God _ Almighty _, so we hope that you will not Trdona frustrated; because we know your generosity, which takes place between people , just like the flow of the Nile Egypt’s great.
The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) expresses grave concern over the continued suffering of thousands of Gazans who have been stranded in various countries abroad for more than one month due to emergency measures that prevent their entry onto Egyptian territory through Cairo Airport, currently the only available route for return to Gaza.
According to PCHR information, Palestinians have been denied access to Egypt since the eruption of the uprising in Egypt. On 30 January 2011, Rafah International Crossing Point was closed in both directions and Palestinians flying to Cairo Airport were denied access to Egyptian territory. On 17 February 2011, Rafah crossing was opened in one direction, allowing Palestinians stranded in Egypt to return to Gaza. On 22 February 2011, the crossing was reopened in both directions and hundreds of Gazans permitted to travel via the crossing managed to leave or return to Gaza. On the other hand, Palestinians in different countries of the world wishing to return to Gaza via Egypt are still denied access to Cairo Airport. Airlines received instructions not to transfer Palestinians wishing to return to Gaza via Egypt to Cairo Airport. This has resulted in the suffering of thousands of Palestinians, including dozens of families who travelled abroad and who urgently need to return to Gaza so their children can attend school. Other travelers denied return are patients who underwent surgery or received treatment abroad as well as employees and workers who are in danger of losing their positions of employment.
In view of the above, PCHR:
1. Calls upon President Mahmoud Abbas to intervene promptly and take serious action in order to put an end to the hardship facing Palestinians unable to return to Gaza, instruct Palestinian embassies abroad to assume their responsibilities towards stranded Palestinians, and exert best efforts to ensure their immediate return.
2. Calls upon the Egyptian government to permit the return of Palestinians to Gaza as soon as possible, facilitate their return to Gaza via Egypt and allow freedom of movement of Palestinians travelling to and from the Gaza Strip, especially through Rafah crossing and Cairo International Airport.
Palestinian Center for Human Rights.
Gaza Faces a Strong Protest Lead by Young People To End Internal Division
Posted by on February 28, 2011 by Marivel Guzmans in collaboration with Omar Karem
Square of the Unknown Soldier in Gaza City
Gaza, Palestine(Akashma Web Blogs) The Day is March 15, 2011, Palestine Youth have made a call to all sectors of Palestine Society to come forward and unite as one force, forgetting differences of the past. Hamas as the leading Party in Gaza and Fatah as representative of West Bank they should unite their confidence with the people that is tired of so much violence, division and diversion. The occupation have for 62 years worn out their energy, is time to regain their fighter spirit that have characterized Palestinians but United as one Force, because the enemy have rejoice with their division and used it against them. “The People United will not be Defeated” is has been a slogan of fighters for centuries, lets remember that and be One Nation. Gaza and West Banks are districts of Palestine, and Palestine is One.
Gaza is under attack, Israel have stepped up her attacks in the Besieged Gaza Strip and even under such circumstances the Youth of Gaza leading “The Initiative Call Home” staged a protest in the Square of the Unknown Soldier in Gaza City before they were ordered to evacuated the Plaza. The protest led by Young Palestinians to end the internal divisions is a sign that the Revolution that started in Tunisia and Egypt has sparked the light in Palestine. There is not to say that they did not want to brake the old rule, but with the air of Revolution and the global support is a good moment to engage the world in their calls for Freedom.
The protest was broken up by security agencies of the Government by force, today they organized a sit-in group where
Young People peacefully gathered to demand an end to the internal divisions, in the Square of the unknown soldier in Gaza City, Palestine. Their demands have been growing stronger since last December when the Youth of Gaza Broke Out, a movement started growing support around the world, when they declare in their Famous “Gaza Youth’s Manifesto For Change” made public by blogger, Opinion Maker Online Newspaper and many others News Outlets around the world.
Such Manifesto was not welcome for factions inside Palestine and for many activists around the world, they saw in this Youth Manifesto more divisions, but in reality was a desperate call for a change.
“F**k Israel!,F**k USA! F**k Hamas!, F**k Fatah!, F**k UN. F**k UNWRA.
We, the youth in Gaza, are so fed up with Israel, Hamas, the occupation, the violations of human rights and the indifference of the international community! We want to scream and break this wall of silence, injustice and indifference. Like the Israeli F16’s breaking the wall of sound; we want to scream with all the power in our souls in order to release this immense frustration that consumes us because of this f*****g situation we live in.” Excerpt from the Gazan Youth’s Manifesto for change.
Said Hassan Farhat, one of the coordinators of youth initiative “Call Home” Monday, said that the security services of the Government blocked a sit in the courtyard of the Unknown Soldier in Gaza City to end the internal division in Palestine.
He said in a telephone Farhat told “together”: “A group of young people and the founders of “The Initiative Call Home” visitor in the courtyard of the soldier carrying Palestinian flags and posters but the police officers asked the protesters to withdraw from Square to the young people that started gathering in the Square of the Unknown Soldier.”
Farhat Said: “Despite the rejection of young men to withdrawal they were resolute to sit-in, police officers intensified their presence in the place, and was attended by four security agents dressed in civilian clothes that mix with the crowd and arrested Ahmed Arar coordinator of The Initiative Call Home among the demonstrators and took him to an unknown place and in addition to three others activists.”
Demands to End the Division:
From here we call on the governments of the West Bank and Gaza to respond to the legitimate demands of the people:
1 – the release all political detainees in the prisons of the PA and Hamas
2 – the end of all forms of media campaigns against each others
3 – the resignation of the governments of Haniyeh and Fayyad to re-build a government of national unity agreed by all Palestinian factions representing the Palestinian people.
4 – the restructuring of the Palestine Liberation Organization to contain all the Palestinian factions and get back to its initial aim: Palestine’s freedom
5 – the announcement of the freeze of negotiations until the full compatibility between the various Palestinian factions on a political program
6 – the end of all forms of security coordination with the Zionist enemy
7 – the organization of presidential and parliamentary elections simultaneously in the time chosen by all the factions
To Be or Not To Be
The initiative called for protests to call home in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and abroad to end the division.
For his part, said Mizan Center for Human Rights; “Had been almost a heavy police presence in the yard of the Unknown Soldier in Gaza City at around the morning of Monday of February 28, and they beat the coordinator of the campaign Call Home Ahmed Atawneh, where eyewitnesses have reported that he had been beaten before being stopped by police and transport out of the place and the whereabouts where unknown.”
This pool of about (20) people, including journalists on Monday morning, in response to a call launched by the campaign “Call Home”. The invitations were distributed via the Internet and short messages via mobile phones.
The invitations Identify Square Unknown Soldier as a center for gathering in the Gaza Strip, after the lifting of the sitters banners people want to end the division, people want to end the occupation, end the internal division is the way to building a Palestine State), according to eyewitnesses, one police personnel to Atawneh and got between them altercation then the police beat him and when journalists tried to take pictures of the attack warned members of the police take any photos.
The participants broke up the rest of the demonstration after the security forces attack, and came to the place in a civilian silver car and Atawneh was forced to step out and taken to an undisclosed location.
Mizan Center for Human Rights in a statement received by the Agency “together” connote concern over the use of force in the resolution of a peaceful gathering, adding that the Public Meetings Law No. (12) for the year 1998, provides special protection measures to ensure the right of citizens to organize public meetings, without the requirement to obtain a prior authorization, where only actions on the notice in writing to the governor or police chief before (48) hours in advance of the date of the meeting and for the police to make its observations on the details of peaceful assembly for the purpose of protecting and ensuring the safety of participants, and without prejudice to the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, before they are in writing, in the absence of receipt by the Organization of any written answer has the right to organize public meeting in a timely manner. Which is what I think they Astvuoh organizers notify the Ministry of the Interior.
PCHR calls upon the dismissed government in Gaza to open an investigation into the incident, calling for meetings to facilitate the peaceful and protected by the law enforcement bodies.
According to Hassan Farhat, a participant in the sit-in, and the Last Sunday morning in the courtyard of the soldier, that the coordinator of the campaign has notified the Ministry of Interior, under the book was delivered in the ministry’s headquarters complex, located in government ministries (Abu Khadra) on 02.24.2011, did not receive a response.
It is noteworthy that the activist Hassan Farhat has a “memorandum of review issued by the Department of custody and interrogation in the Internal Security Agency should come as 2/3/2011 in the central governorate.
Farhat also pointed out that the activity has not been implemented in the West because of calls to the security organs of the coordinators who have declared their names earlier.
The unrest inside Palestine have been felt since December after the Manifesto of the youth of Gaza Broke out, in a response to the unwelcome for their request the Youth of Gaza released a second document on January 05, 2011.
“We’re NOT calling for a political coup, let’s be clear on this. We’re young people who want to work for the PEOPLE, we denounce the misery we live in, we denounce their division, and reject their fight, because they are not helping us. But more than Fatah and Hamas, who remains Palestinians just like us, ABOVE ALL we denounce the Occupier & its puppet the International Community who fails, day after day, in its duty to impose sanctions on “Israel”. From Do not Distort Our Speech
Such divisions are sweet deal for Israel who entertained the idea for many years to brake down Palestine in two Lands and disengage completely from Gaza.
Hezbollah Strong Army
Gaza have become a liability for Israel as their policies and political ideas are back up by Hezbollah a strong political party in Lebanon and sworn enemy of Israel. Israel was defeated by Hezbollah back in 2006 and they have become stronger than ever.
If There got to be Freedom in any society, Justice must be the base of the same. Human Rights is an inalienable right of every human being, being Gaza, US, Germany, Lebanon, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba(should not exist),Cuba, China, Iran, Mexico, Congo, Russia..or any place on Earth that humans co-habit under any authority of any type.
The right to disagree, the right to have a different opinion, or different feelings is a right that we all humans have a primordial born right, it calls dissent from the Status Quo, governments of the world dissenters are not criminals, they are free minders that choose their own path, and oppression only make them more aware of the situation that you want to force them to be.
This right is inalienable is part of the human rights that we all must enjoy as a citizen of this Earth.
Palestine-Israel War
Posted On February 27, 2011 by Omar Karem
| 1948 | 1956 | 1967 | 1968 | 1973 | 1982 | 1987 | 2000 | 2006 |
United Nations Security Council
First Arab-Israeli War , 15 May 1948
Arab opposition to an Israeli state began after the Balfour Declaration 1917, which supported the idea of a Jewish national homeland. In the 1920s there were anti-Zionist riots in Palestine, after the British mandate government allowed thousands of Jews to immigrate to Palestine from all over the world.
In 1936 an Arab revolt led to a British royal commission that recommended partition (approved by United Nations 1947), but rejected by the Arabs.
When it became clear that the British intended to leave by May 15, leaders of the Yishuv decided (as they claim) to implement that part of the partition plan calling for establishment of a Jewish state. In Tel Aviv on May 14 the Provisional State Council, formerly the National Council, “representing the Jewish people in Palestine and the World Zionist Movement,” proclaimed the “establishment of the Jewish State in Palestine, to be called Medinat Israel (the State of Israel) … open to the immigration of Jews from all the countries of their dispersion.”
On May 15 the armies of Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq joined Palestinian and other Arab guerrillas who had been fighting Jewish forces since November 1947. The war now became an international conflict, the first Arab-Israeli War.
The Arabs failed to prevent establishment of a Jewish state, and the war ended with four UN-arranged armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The frontiers defined in the armistice agreements remained until they were altered by Israel’s conquests during the Six-Day War in 1967.
“Battle of the Roads“. The Arab League sponsored Arab Liberation Army, composed of Palestinian Arabs and Arabs from other Middle Eastern countries, attacked Jewish communities in Palestine, and Jewish traffic on major roads. The Arab forces mainly concentrated on major roadways in an attempt to cut off Jewish communities from each other. Arab forces at that time had engaged in sporadic and unorganized ambushes since the riots of December 1947, and began to make organized attempts to cut off the highway linking Tel Aviv with Jerusalem, the city’s only supply route. The Arab Army cut off supplies and controlled several strategic vantage points overlooking the sole highway linking Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, enabling them to fire at convoys going to the city. By late March 1948, the vital road that connected Tel Aviv to western Jerusalem, where about 16% of all Jews in the Palestinian region lived, was cut off and under siege.
April 6-12, 1948 : Operation Nachshon. The Haganah decided to launch a major military counteroffensive to break the siege of Jerusalem. On 6 April the Haganah and its strike force, the Palmach, in an offensive to secure strategic points, took al-Qastal, an important roadside town 2 kilometers west of Deir Yassin. But intense fighting lasted for days more as control of that key village remained contested.
April 9, 1948 : Throughout the siege on Jerusalem, Jewish convoys tried to reach the city to alleviate the food shortage, which, by April, had become critical. On 9 April 1948, IZL-Lehi forces attacked Deir Yassin, as part of Operation Nachshon to break the siege of western Jerusalem. On Deir Yassin massacre, Irgun and Lehi members attack the Arab village of Deir Yassin, killing between 100 and 120 Arabs civilians.
May 15, 1948 : Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Transjordan, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army, and local Arabs attack the new Jewish state with the intent of destroying it. The resulting 1948 Arab-Israeli War lasts for 13 months. By the end of the war, about 700,000 Palestinian Arabs leave as refugees for a variety of reasons among them, including: avoidance of crossfire, anticipation of war, expulsion, and the Jews massacre against number of Arab villages.
June 1948 : Violent confrontation between the Israel Defense Forces under the command of David Ben-Gurion, and the paramilitary Jewish group Irgun known as The Altalena Affair results in the dismantlement of the Irgun, Lehi, and all Israeli paramilitary organizations operating outside the IDF.
April 1949 : Israel concludes Armistice Agreements with neighboring countries. The territory of the British Mandate of Palestine is divided between the State of Israel, the Kingdom of the Jordan (changed from Transjordan) and Egypt.
Ben Gurion orders 1,500 combat soldiers to liberate the road to a besieged Jerusalem. In early 1948, David Ben Gurion commands a concentrated force of 1,500 soldiers to puncture the road leading to a besieged Jerusalem. The operation, called “Nachshon Operation”, was a turning point in the Independence War: This was the first time that the defense forces were commanded to conquer an area that was defined as Arab territory.
Suez campaign , 29 Oct – 4 Nov 1956
During the 1950s there was considerable tension between Israel and Egypt, which, under President Nasser, had become a leader in the Arab world. His nationalization of the Suez Canal 1956 provided an opportunity for Israel with Britain and France, to attack Egypt and occupy a part of Palestine that Egypt had controlled since 1949, the Gaza Strip , from which Israel was forced by UN and US pressure to withdraw 1957 .
In 1973 Egypt joined Syria in a war on Israel to regain the territories lost in 1967. The two Arab states struck unexpectedly on October 6, which fell on Yom Kippur , Israel’s holiest fast day .
After crossing the Suez Canal the Arab forces gain a lot of advanced positions in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights and manage to defeat the Israeli forces for more then three weeks.
Israeli forces with a massive U.S. economic and military assistance managed to stop the Arab forces after a three-week struggle and defeat with the cost of many casualties,and the Arabs strong showing won them support from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and most of the world’s developing countries.
Israel, forced to compete with the nearly unlimited Arab resources, was faced with a serious financial setback. Only massive U.S. economic and military assistance enabled it to redress the balance, but even American aid was unable to prevent a downward spiral of the economy.
In an effort to encourage a peace settlement, U.S. President Richard M. Nixon charged his secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, with the task of negotiating agreements between Israel and Egypt and Syria. Kissinger managed to work out military disengagements between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai and between Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights during 1974.
Six-Days war , 5-10 June 1967
War of Attrition 1968 – 1970
During the 1950s there was considerable tension between Israel and Egypt, which, under President Nasser, had become a leader in the Arab world. His nationalization of the Suez Canal 1956 provided an opportunity for Israel with Britain and France, to attack Egypt and occupy a part of Palestine that Egypt had controlled since 1949, the Gaza Strip , from which Israel was forced by UN and US pressure to withdraw 1957 .
In 1973 Egypt joined Syria in a war on Israel to regain the territories lost in 1967. The two Arab states struck unexpectedly on October 6, which fell on Yom Kippur , Israel’s holiest fast day .
After crossing the Suez channel the Arab forces gain a lot of advanced positions in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights and manage to defeat the Israeli forces for more then three weeks.
Israeli forces with a massive U.S. economic logistic and military assistance managed to stop the Arab forces after a three-week struggle and defeat with the cost of many casualties,and the Arabs strong showing won them support from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and most of the world’s developing countries.
Israel, forced to compete with the nearly unlimited Arab resources, was faced with a serious financial setback. Only massive U.S. economic and military assistance enabled it to redress the balance, but even American aid was unable to prevent a downward spiral of the economy.
In an effort to encourage a peace settlement, U.S. President Richard M. Nixon charged his secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, with the task of negotiating agreements between Israel and Egypt and Syria. Kissinger managed to work out military disengagements between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai and between Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights during 1974.
October War , 6-24 Oct 1973
From 1978 the presence of Palestinian guerrillas in Lebanon led to Arab raids on Israel and Israeli retaliatory incursions.
On 6 June 1982 Israel launched a full-scale invasion. By 14 June Beirut was encircled, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syrian forces were evacuated mainly to Syria 21-31 Aug.
In Feb 1985 there was a unilateral Israeli withdrawal from the country without any gain or losses incurred. Israel maintains an occupied area called as a ‘security zone’ in South Lebanon and supports the South Lebanese Army Militia of Lahad, both were occupying the south of Lebanon to defend Israelis from Palestinian attacks, and both carried out number of massacres against Lebanese and Palestinian people.
Israel’s complicity in massacres in two Palestinian refugee camps increased Arab hostility and many other massacres like Beirut, Nabattiyeh, Abbasiyeh, Qana with hundreds of Lebanese civilians killed by Israelis. Talks between Israel and Lebanon , between Dec 1982 and May 1983, resulted in an agreement, drawn up by US secretary of state George Shultz, calling for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon within three months. Syria refused to acknowledge the agreement, and left some 30,000 troops, with about 7,000 PLO members, in northeast, Israel retaliated by refusing to withdraw its forces from the south.
Meanwhile the problems in Lebanon continued. In 1984, under pressure from Syria, President Gemayel of Lebanon abrogated the 1983 treaty with Israel , but the government of national unity in Tel Aviv continued to plan the withdrawal of its forces. Guerrilla groups of the Lebanese resistant on south of Lebanon started their resistant against the Israeli occupation since 1985 when the main important resistant group in Lebanon which is Hezbollah was founded. Most of the withdrawal was complete by June 1985 except the south of Lebanon of what so called the ‘security zone’. The south of Lebanon was liberated by resistant operations when Israel withdraw in 25/5/2000. Israel still occupying Shebaa farms and other small areas until today.
Lebanon invasion , 1982
Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990.
On December 8, 1987, an uprising began in Jabalya where hundreds burned tires and attacked the Israel Defense Forces stationed there. The uprising spread to other Palestinian refugee camps and eventually to Jerusalem, the eastern part of which was and is occupied by Israel. On December 22, the United Nations Security Council condemned Israel for violating Geneva Conventions due to the number of Palestinian deaths in these first few weeks of the Intifada.
Much of the Palestinian violence was low-tech; dozens of Palestinian teenagers would confront patrols of Israeli soldiers, showering them with rocks. However, at times this tactic gave way to Molotov cocktail attacks, over 100 hand grenade attacks and more than 500 attacks with guns or explosives. Many Israeli soldiers were killed this way. The IDF, in contrast, possessed the latest weaponry and defense technologies.
In 1988, the Palestinians initiated a nonviolent movement to withhold taxes collected and used by Israel to pay for the occupation of territories. When time in prison didn’t stop the activists, Israel crushed the boycott by imposing heavy fines while seizing and disposing of the equipment, furnishings, and goods from local stores, factories, and even homes. On April 19, 1988, a leader of the PLO, Abu Jihad, was assassinated in Tunis. During the resurgence of rioting that followed, about 16 Palestinians were killed. In November of the same year and October of the next, the United Nations General Assembly passed resolutions condemning Israel.
As the Intifada progressed, Israel introduced various riot control methods that had the effect of reducing the number of Palestinian fatalities. Another contributor to the high initial casualties was Yitzhak Rabin’s aggressive stance towards the Palestinians (notably including an exhortation to the IDF to “break the bones” of the demonstrators). His successor Moshe Arens subsequently proved to have a better understanding of pacification, which perhaps reflects in the lower casualty rates for the following years.
Attempts at the peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were made at the Madrid Conference of 1991.
Intifada , 1987 – 1991
On September 28, 2000 the Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon, with a Likud party delegation, and surrounded by hundreds of Israeli riot police, visited the mosque compound of the Al-Haram Al-Sharif (Temple Mount) in the Old City of Jerusalem. The mosque compound is the first Qibla of Muslims and the third holiest site in Islam. It also contains the area for the most holy site in Judaism. The pretext for Sharon’s visit of the mosque compound was to check complaints by Israeli archeologists that Muslim religious authorities had vandalized archeological remains beneath the surface of the mount during the conversion of the presumed Solomon’s Stables area into a mosque.
A group of Palestinian dignitaries came to protest the visit, as did three Arab Knesset Members. With the dignitaries watching from a safe distance.Palestinians saw Sharon’s visit as an assault on the Al-Aqsa Mosque. For this reason, the whole conflict is known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada. On September 29, 2000, the day after Sharon’s visit, following Friday prayers, large uprising broke out around Old Jerusalem during which several Palestinian demonstrators were shot dead. Already in the same day, the September 29, 2000, demonstrations broke out in the West Bank. In the days that followed, demonstrations erupted all over the West Bank and Gaza.
Al-Aqsa Intifada 2000 –
On September 28, 2000 the Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon, with a Likud party delegation, and surrounded by hundreds of Israeli riot police, visited the mosque compound of the Al-Haram Al-Sharif (Temple Mount) in the Old City of Jerusalem. The mosque compound is the first Qibla of Muslims and the third holiest site in Islam. It also contains the area for the most holy site in Judaism. The pretext for Sharon’s visit of the mosque compound was to check complaints by Israeli archeologists that Muslim religious authorities had vandalized archeological remains beneath the surface of the mount during the conversion of the presumed Solomon’s Stables area into a mosque.
A group of Palestinian dignitaries came to protest the visit, as did three Arab Knesset Members. With the dignitaries watching from a safe distance.Palestinians saw Sharon’s visit as an assault on the Al-Aqsa Mosque. For this reason, the whole conflict is known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada. On September 29, 2000, the day after Sharon’s visit, following Friday prayers, large uprising broke out around Old Jerusalem during which several Palestinian demonstrators were shot dead. Already in the same day, the September 29, 2000, demonstrations broke out in the West Bank. In the days that followed, demonstrations erupted all over the West Bank and Gaza.
Israel-Gaza Conflict 2006
Israel maintains that it mobilized thousands of troops in order to suppress Qassam rocket fire against its civilian population and to secure the release of Corporal Gilad Shalit. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 9,000 heavy Israeli artillery shells have been fired into Gaza since September 2005, killing 80 Palestinians in 6 months. On the Palestinian side, approximately 1,000 Qassam missiles are believed to have been fired into Israel.
Israel has stated that it will withdraw from Gaza and end the operation as soon as Shalit is released. The Palestinians say the assault is aimed at toppling the democratically elected Hamas-led government and at destabilizing the Palestinian National Authority, citing the targeting of civilian infrastructure such as a power station and the captures of government and parliament members.
After Israel’s unilateral disengagement plan, pulling 9 thousand settlers from Gush Katif in the Gaza Strip in the summer of 2005, tensions had remained high in Gaza due to the continued shelling of areas in Israel with Qassam rocket attacks launched by Palestinians from Gaza into areas such as the Israeli city of Sderot, reported to have exceeded 800 rockets in the past seven months. Between the end of March and the end of May 2006, Israel fired at least 5,100 artillery shells into the Gaza Strip Qassam launching areas in an attempt to stop them from firing.
On June 9, during or shortly after an Israeli operation, an explosion occurred on a busy Gaza beach, killing eight Palestinian civilians.Other Israeli missile attacks included one on the Gaza highway on June 13 that killed 11 Palestinians and injured 30, and on June 20 that killed 3 Palestinians and wounded 15.
Hamas formally withdrew from its 16-month ceasefire on June 10, and began openly taking responsibility for the ongoing Qassam rocket attacks.
On June 24, 2006, Israeli commandos entered the Gaza Strip in the first capture raid into the Strip since Israel pulled out of Gaza in September 2005. In the raid they captured two Palestinians, identified by neighbors as brothers Osama Muamar, 31, and Mustafa, 20, who Israel claims are Hamas militants. Noam Chomsky has claimed in a recent interview that these two Palestinians were civilians, a doctor and his brother. Chomsky claims not to know the fate the kidnapped men.
CHOMSKY: There’s a theme that goes way back to the origins of Zionism. And it’s a very rational theme: “Let’s delay negotiations and diplomacy as long as possible, and meanwhile we’ll ‘build facts on the ground.'” So Israel will create the basis for what some eventual agreement will ratify, but the more they create, the more they construct, the better the agreement will be for their purposes. Those purposes are essentially to take over everything of value in the former Palestine and to undermine what’s left of the indigenous population.
On June 25, 2006, armed Palestinians crossed the border from the Gaza Strip into Israel via a makeshift tunnel and attacked an Israel Defense Forces post. During the morning attack, two Palestinian militants and two Israel Defense Force soldiers were killed and four others wounded, in addition to Corporal Gilad Shalit, who suffered a broken left hand and a light shoulder wound. Hamas claimed that the attack was carried out in response to the death of the Ralia family on north Gaza beach a few weeks before.
Shalit’s captors issued a series of statements demanding the release of all female Palestinian prisoners and all Palestinian prisoners under the age of 18. The statements came from Ezz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (the military wing Hamas), the Popular Resistance Committees (which includes members of Fatah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas), and the Army of Islam. More than 8,000 Palestinians are held as prisoners by the Israel Defense Forces and Israel Prisons Service. Approximately two thirds of these prisoners were convicted in court, while around ten percent are held without charge.
History Of Palestine
Posted on February 27, 2011 byOmar Karem
الخطة التفصيلية لكل محاضرة
سيتم وضع خطة تفصيلية لكل محاضرة على النحو التالي :
• أهداف الوحدة الدراسية وملخص لما سيتم تناوله في المحاضرة.
• عرض المادة العلمية بالاستعانة بالوسائط المساندة.
• ذكر للموضوع الرئيسي الذي سيتم تناوله في المحاضرة القادمة.
ثالثاً: حلقات النقاش:
العمل على تفعيل حلقتي نقاش للمقرر،الأولى للدارسين ويدير هذه الحلقة المشرفون الأكاديميون في المناطق التعليمية، أما حلقة النقاش الثانية فستكون للمشرفين الأكاديميين في المناطق التعليمية والذين يشرفون على مقرر تاريخ القدس تناقش فيها كافة المسائل الفنية والعلمية المتعلقة بالمقرر، ويدير هذه الحلقة منسق المقرر.
رابعا ً: التعيينات:
سوف يكون هناك تعيين واحد شاملاً لجميع وحدات المقرر عن طريق إرساله عبر الانترنت إلى الدارسين.
خامساً: الامتحانات:
ستكون الامتحانات النصفية والنهائية مركزية لكافة المناطق التعليمية .
سادسا ً: مصادر التعلم والقراءات المساعدة:
سيتم وضع رابط على موقع المقرر يشير الى مصادر التعلم والقراءات المساعدة للدارسين للاستزادة حول المادة العلمية .
سابعا ً: دور كل من المشرف الرئيسي ( منسق المقرر ) والمشرف الأكاديمي للمقرر في المنطقة التعليمية:
يمكن توزيع الأدوار بين المشرفين على النحو التالي :
1- منسق المقرر :
1 . إعداد وتقديم المحاضرات ( Video Streaming ) على مدار الفصل الدراسي.
2. إدارة حلقة النقاش الخاصة بالمشرفين الأكاديميين في المناطق التعليمية.
3. إعداد الامتحانات النصفية والنهائية ( مركزية ).
4. إعداد التعيين.
5. الإشراف العام على تنفيذ خطة المقرر.
2- المشرفون الأكاديميين (المساعدون) في المناطق التعليمية:
1. تنفيذ اللقاءات الوجاهية كل في منطقته التعليمية.
2. تصحيح الامتحانات والتعيينات.
3. إدارة حلقة النقاش الخاصة بالمقرر مع الطلبة والرد على استفساراتهم وتساؤلاتهم.
4. التواصل مع منسق المقرر.
5. إرشاد الطلبة للتفاعل مع محاضرات video streaming
مع الاحترام والتقدير
WHEN Israeli Jets Bombard Gaza Strip
Posted on February 27, 2011 by Omar Karem from Gaza, Palestine in collaboration with Marivel Guzman
How to be safe and help others?
Israel bomber plane
How to react and help others in Gaza if Israel bombard this tiny peace of land in the Mediterranean?
Gaza more than an occupied nation under siege look more like a big open prison, where close to two millions residents live under the military boot of Israel.
With the daily military excursions invading our land and air space, disrupting every bit of life in Gaza.
When the Israel planes come in the middle of the night blasting their sonar bombs, braking windows, and dreams, what we suppose to do?.
When the tanks cross inside Gaza destroying farm land, and the bulldozers come to destroy the houses and business of Palestinians, how we suppose to react?.
When the F16 show up sending missiles to an unarmed population, inflicting terror, destruction and death, what we do?
When the Jenin Massacre occurred ambulances were not allowed to enter the refugee camp for 12 days to help the wounded, how Palestinians supposed to help each other when Israel bombard Gaza?
Do not be gross with the next images, they were Palestinians like me before they were shred to pieces by Israel Bombs, I do not like these images, and I do not want to be one of those images. I hate those images, but when they were alive they were part of Jenin Camp Population, please! do not be gross out. Have pity for us, be compassionate and tell our story, our true story to the world, we need help.
By Jennifer Loewenstein Article Posted 19 April 2002 :”Eyewitness Report of the Atrocities in Jenin, Palestine”
http://www.aztlan.net/jeninmassacre.htm
Don’t believe what CNN and BBC among other western news agencies are telling you. You be the Opinion Maker. Ask why can be an investigation; why it must be called a “humanitarian tragedy” rather than a crime against humanity; why the EU has not imposed sanctions on Israel for its actions; why no international monitoring force is immediately leaving for the region; why Israeli political and military spokespeople are telling reporters that “only (sic) 45 people died” and that they were all armed “militants”. Why no one challenges these comments or reminds these spokespeople that Israel conducted a massive military offensive against people who have the right to resist the occupation of their land. If your blood doesn’t run cold when US President George W. Bush calls Ariel Sharon a “man of peace” then you’re getting nothing but lies packaged as news and information by a massive propaganda machine. Americans, you are paying for the dehumanization and destruction of an entire people. Jenin is only the most ominous and recent reminder of where Israel’s 54 year old policies against the Palestinians are leading.
Sabra and Shatila is another of the massacres perpetrated by Israel on unarmed population, and gone unchallenged by US, UN Club and other Israel allies. Why? Who is going to bring Israel to Justice?
The Sabra and Shatila Refugee Camp Massacre took place between 15 to 18 September 1982. This massacre is considered the bloodiest single atrocity committed against the Palestinian people in living history.
Can the world please tell us, how after 62 years of empty talks and promises, how we suppose to sit and cross our arms and wait for another attack, while the US keeps stopping resolution in The UN security council.
We the residents of Gaza are fighting an every day battle, with little or no arms to defend ourselves.
What can we do?
And the world leaders after all the carnage Israel have done to our brothers and sisters Palestinians in the last 62 years, we are portray as criminals and terrorist, what we need to do to be seen as we have been since Israel was created? The displaced population, murdered, terrorized and wronged.
Why would the US veto any resolution that promise justice for Palestinians? How can they go to sleep at night knowing that we are being massacred, we are being exterminated slowly.
Can you see that Israel is committing genocide? How many of us need to die under Israel war planes and tanks before someone come to our rescue?
I live in Gaza, Palestine and I m tired of waiting for the world to help us to bring justice and peace, at least the certainly that tomorrow we can have a full day of peace, a whole night without sonar bombs, a day where I can plan my day without having to be worry if I will come back home to write or enjoy a peaceful dinner with my family.
I do not want to be part of the numbers, I want to Live in Peace and Freedom, I want my land back.
What can I do when Israel jets bombard Gaza again?
“I m not just another Palestinian writing about the horrors that we are forced to live every day, I m a human being, a young Palestinian that is a witness and victim of Israel criminality. I do not know other life but this one that I m narrating to you, it is in my mind, in my heart, my genes, my reality is now, in this moment only, I can not have the luxury to dream a better future, I do not see another future but my present reality.” Omar Karem
During Gaza Massacre 2009, that the Main Stream Media insist in calling it a war, where more than 1400 Palestinians died under the bombs, and hundreds were burn alive under the white phosphorous bombs, we were like sitting ducks, unable to defend ourselves, we lived in a giant prison, where there is no way out. We were continuously bombarded for 22 days, and the world did not moved a finger to help us.
The US did not even call Israel to slap her in her wrist, for the contrary they were accomplices in our slaughter, as most of the bombs, white phosphorous and other weapons are either made in US, or directly financed by American dollars.
What the world is waiting to say “Enough” , will they want to wait 50 years after Israel have exterminate us, and then declare it in for “HISTORY” A GENOCIDE, as happen with so many massacres gone unnoticed in the world?
If the US and UN club do not change their position about Israel, me and the other close to 2 millions Gaza Residents have the same bleak future as me. It is not fair, we all born equals and free.
Tell me, What can I do next time that Israel War Planes come and Bombard Gaza again?
What We Should Do If Israel Attack Gaza?
Posted By Omar Karem
بعد انتهاء القصف:-
• يتم وعلى الفور فتح الطرق المؤدية للأماكن التي تعرضت للقصف بمعرفة الأشغال العامة والبلدية لتأمين وصول سيارات الإسعاف والإطفاء و الإنقاذ والشرطة وخدمات الكهرباء والصرف الصحي وسلطة المياه0
• تقديم الإسعافات الأولية للمصابين ونقلهم للمستشفيات فورا 0
• إخلاء والشهداء من مسرح الحدث0
• الابتعاد فور مشاهدة إي أجسام مشبوهة من مخلفات الجيش والحرص التام على عدم لمسها أو الاقتراب منها خاصة الأطفال و إبلاغ الشرطة – الدفاع المدني – الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني فورا0
• عدم التجمهر والابتعاد عن أماكن القصف خوفا من حدوث انهيارات لبعض الأسطح أو الجدران أو الأعمدة أو الهوائيات أو خزانات المياه إلى 000 الخ
• الأجهزة الأمنية تقوم بتأمين المنازل والمنشأت العامة خوفا من تعرضها للسرقة0
• إعلان فرق الإنقاذ عن الأشخاص الذين نعرف أنهم محاصرين أو مدفونين تحت الأنقاض.
• تنظيف المواد المنسكبة على الأرض و القابلة للاشتعال على الفور مثل الكحول و المواد البترولية و الدهان و غيرها.
• عدم إثارة الصخب و عدم المبالغة في حالة الشخص و حالات الآخرين المصابين.
• عند تعرض منازلنا لأضرار جسيمة يكون علينا لزاما مغادرتها و نصحب معنا أوعية الماء و بعض المواد الغذائية و الأدوية العادية و الخاصة ( الأمراض المزمنة) و الوثائق الشخصية.
• عدم دخول المباني المتصدعة و الاقتراب من المنشات المصابة.
• عدم التسكع في الشوارع لمشاهدة ما قد حصل و الابتعاد عنها لتتمكن آليات الإنقاذ و الإسعاف و الأمن من العبور.
1- الإنقـــــــــــــــاذ:-
مباشرة و بعد انتهاء عملية الصف تبدأ عملية الإنقاذ الفوري من طرف المتطوعين و السكان أنفسهم بوسائل تقليدية و بسيطة و محدودة، و الإسعاف الأولي يجب القيام به في نفس المكان الذي يوجد فيه المصاب، وهنا تتضح لنا ضرورة تكوين المسعفين في كل المجتمعات، أو تعليم بعض العناصر الواعية من السكان و تلقينهم المبادئ الأساسية، للقيام بمبادرات مستحسنة من شانها أن تنقذ حياة الإنسان0 و أثناء عمليات الإنقاذ قد يتم العثور على جثت لشهداء ، وأحيانا قد يصعب التعرف على هويتها ، و إن لم يتم التعرف على هوية الشهداء تجمع الجثث و تدفن في أقرب وقت ممكن.
2- الإسعاف الفوري للجرحى: –
حسب جسامة الحادثة، و عدد الجرحى الذين هم في حاجة إلى علاج خاص أوالى إجراء عمليات جراحية، لنطرح مشكلة علاج هؤلاء الجرحى. لأن عدد الأسرة بالمستشفيات قد لا يكفي أحيانا ، أما التلف الذي قد يحصل في شبكة الهاتف، وشبكة الطرق و البنايات فإنه يعرقل إجراء عمليات نقل الجرحى إلى المستشفيات ، ولهذا نشأت فكرة المستشفى الميداني المتنقل و الذي يحتوي على جميع أجهزة الجراحة الحديثة، الشيء الذي يسمح للفرق الطبية بالقيام بعملها في ظروف حسنة، وفي اقرب وقت ممكن، وقرب مكان الحادثة.
3- إيواء المنكوبين:-
يتراوح عدد الأفراد الذين يصبحون بدون مأوى بين العشرات والآلاف حسب نوعية الكارثة. فيجب حماية المنكوبين، و خصوصا الأطفال منهم و النساء، و العجزة من تقلبات الطقس، وتزويدهم بما يحتاجون إليه من غداء، وماء صالح للشرب، وأغطية و لباس و دواء و في انتظار وجود حل دائم لمشكلة المنكوبين، تنظم الحياة في مخيمات تقام خصيصا لهذا الغرض، و تسند لبعض المتطوعين أو المسئولين مهام خاصة بالسكان ليقوموا بأنشطة إدارية و اجتماعية. و يتعلق الأمر خصيصا بأطر الصحة و متطوعي الهلال الأحمر، و المنظمات ذات النشاط الإنساني، التي توفر أطباء، وممرضين ومسعفين ليقوموا بعلاج المرضى، وبعمليات وقائية متعددة.
-Mubarak Stepped Down from Powerمبارك يتنحى عن السلطة بعد طول انتظار
مبارك يتنحى عن السلطة بعد طول انتظار
قرر الرئيس المصري حسني مبارك تنحيه عن السلطة والاستقالة، مساء الجمعة الموافق 11 شباط من العام 2011.
وقال عمر سليمان في بيان صحفي مقتضب عبر التلفزيون المصري :” قرر الرئيس مبارك تخليه عن منصب رئيس الجمهورية وكلف المجلس الاعلى للقوات المسلحة بادارة شؤون البلاد”.
وقد عمت الافراح ملايين المتظاهرين في انجاء مصر بعد 18 يوما من المظاهرات المليونية التي طالبت بتنحي الرئيس ورحيله.
سويسرا تجمد اصولا محتملة لحسني مبارك
قال متحدث باسم وزارة الخارجية السويسرية ان سويسرا جمدت اصولا من المحتمل انها مملوكة لحسني مبارك الذي تنحى عن منصب رئيس الجمهورية hgيوم الجمعة بعد ان حكم مصر 30 عاما.
وقال المتحدث لارس نوتشيل كما نشرت رويترز “يمكنني ان اؤكد ان سويسرا جمدت اصول الرئيس المصري السابق بأثر فوري.” وامتنع عن تحديد حجم الاموال التي يشملها التجميد.
اقالة الحكومة ومجلس الشعب والشورى
وقالت وكالة رويترز ان وزير الدفاع المصري المسير محمد حسين طناطوي يترأس المجلس الاعلى للقوات المسلحة.
وقال تلفزيون العربية ان المجلس الاعلى للقوات المسلحة سيقيل الحكومة ويحل مجلسي الشعب والشورى وان رئيس المحكمة الدستورية العليا سيشارك في حكم البلاد.
ومن المتوقع أن يصدر الجيش بيانا في وقت لاحق يوم الجمعة عقب تنحي الرئيس حسني مبارك بعدما قضى 30 عاما في السلطة>
البورصة والذهب
سجلت بورصة وول ستريت ارتفاعا اليوم الجمعة، (بعد خسائر لدى جلسة الافتتاح)، إثر إعلان الرئيس المصري حسني مبارك استقالته، على ما أفادت به وكالة الأنباء الفرنسية.
وتخلت أسعار الذهب عن خسائرها في اعقاب انباء تنحي الرئيس المصري حسني مبارك عن منصبه وصعدت في اواخر التعاملات يوم الجمعة لتسجل في نهاية جلسة التداول في لندن 1365.90 دولار ( الاونصة) مقارنة مع 1362.90 دولار في الاغلاق السابق في سوق نيويورك.
صعدت الاسهم الاوروبية في اواخر جلسة التعاملات يوم الجمعة في اعقاب ثلاث جلسات متتالية من الخسائر مدعومة بأنباء تنحي الرئيس المصري حسني مبارك.
هبطت العقود الاجلة للنفط الامريكي الى أدنى مستوى لها في 10 أسابيع يوم الجمعة بفعل موجة مبيعات اثارتها انباء تنحي الرئيس المصري حسني مبارك أدت الى انحسار المخاوف من عرقلة امدادات الخام من الشرق الاوسط.
كما وانخفضت تكلفة التأمين على الدين السيادي المصري من العجز عن السداد أو اعادة الهيكلة لمدة خمس سنوات بمقدار 25 نقطة اساس بعد اعلان نائب الرئيس المصري في التلفزيون الحكومي يوم الجمعة ان الرئيس حسني مبارك قرر التنحي عن منصبه.
مرسلة بواسطة omar gaza palestine في 02:03 ص 0 التعليقات
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المتابعون
The Sleeping Giant Has Awaken-We The People
Chronicles of a Revolution
Is Gaza being strangled by the Egyptian Revolution?
Posted by Marivel Guzman
On February 1, 2011
Jasmine Revolution, Tunisia Road to Freedom
The situation might be blurry and confused for the foreigners, the spectators of this chain of events that started on December 27, 2010 with a person in the main square of the Tunisian town of Sidi Bouzid, where Mohammed Bouazizi set himself on fire and sparked a revolution, The Jasmine Revolution that ousted another Dictator.
Tunisia has asked Interpol to help arrest ousted president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, his wife Leila Trabelsi and other members of the family who fled the country during an uprising, the justice minister said Wednesday.
Lazhar Karoui Chebbi told a news conference that Tunisia wanted to try Ben Ali and his clan for “possessing of (expropriated) property and transferring foreign currency abroad,” Reuters reported.
The spark the set Egyptians in an unexpected uprising that culminated with the Revolution that wants Hosni Mubarak out of the Chair, have kept The Western, Israel and Gaza Government afraid of any moves that can spark more unrest in the Palestinians Territories. With the Egyptian Revolution getting momentum in the Streets of Egypt and else where in the world, the uncertainly of the outcome have forced the Egyptian Military to seal the border of Rafah the only official open border to Gaza, Palestine, and The Authorities in Gaza afraid of the influx of Egyptian Refugees that try to cross to Gaza in the last days, have forced them to seal also the Tunnels, the lifeline of Gaza for the last 3 years after Israel imposed the Siege.
Sources in Gaza confirmed that the Erez Crossing that connect Israel with Gaza is being completely sealed since yesterday, the excuses always come handy for Israel to block the entrance of goods to Gaza.
People are required to put all their luggage on a metal detector, which funnels the baggage to unseen security guards for possible hand checks. Travelers then are buzzed through a glass door and enter the crossing’s most sophisticated security check: an advanced body screener created by a California company.
– Scanning equipment built by L-3 Communications Inc.
– Cost more than $35 million to construct
The crossing is largely unused as Israel prohibits the vast majority of Gazans from coming out, and almost no one from Israel goes in. These days, many simply call the high-tech crossing point the “terminal to nowhere”
People are required to put all their luggage on a metal detector, which funnels the baggage to unseen security guards for possible hand checks.
Travelers then are buzzed through a glass door and enter the crossing’s most sophisticated security check: an advanced body screener created by a California company.
The scanner is so sensitive, officials say, that it creates a complete holographic image of the traveler and allows the screener to see even a tissue or penny stuck in a pocket.
Travelers step into the scanner through a plastic portal and raise their hands above their heads. The translucent plastic doors close and a scanner whizzes around them in a complete circle.
The scanner’s manufacturer, L-3 Communications Inc.
With the unrest in the region Israel seal the Erez crossing, making with this the situation in Gaza unbearable. For the last 3 years the booming of the tunnels have relieved the population of Gaza, as most of the food and products were imported by the tunnels operators that control both sides of the border.
The Gaza Tunnels have served as a life line for the besieged population of Gaza
The situation in Gaza is deplorable in all the senses, politically, economically and if the situation does not change for the better the Revolution of Egypt can be easily imported to Gaza, and for that they do not need the tunnels.
The people is tired of waiting from the West to do anything to make Israel to lift the blockade, they are tired to wait from their own government to implement an emergency measures to alleviate their lack of food, the absent of jobs and the insecurity in the Strip.
Something has to be done in the next few days. Gazans are impatient also and they might want to unite their voices to the general struggles and protests that have swept the world in the last 4 weeks.
Let’s hope for the good of the people that Mubarak sees his time over and move out of the way so the change can start taking place and Gaza siege be lifted once and for all.
The people have spoken “When people speak, despots, dictators, tyrants should shut up, or pack up and leave” Hamza El Alami said in one of his comments posted in facebook, the social network that have served as a meeting forum for social and peace activist of the world.
Hamza El Alami said “the US has not called on Mubarak to resign, and if they can control events in the M.E. as it used to, they will not hesitate to act and defend the SOB Mubarak. The people in Egypt has spoken, and so the rest of the oppressed people …in the Arab world; one by one they will rise against tyranny. American policy makers are not for democracy; the US rejected the Palestinian election’s results, and decided along with Israel and Mubarak to starve and strangulate 1.5 million people in Gaza. The US is for Israel and its racist policy, dictators, corrupt rulers and not democracy, at least not for Arabs. America has to face a new reality and reassess its policy that must be based on justice and not the support of ruthless dictators.”
Mubarak falling in pieces, as the days pass and Egypt unrest grows, no words from Obama or Old Crazy Joe Biden can stop the will of the people from shaking the dictator from their country
In the past people in the US has revolved against policies, Domestic and Foreign, but never before since the civil war, the government has seen something like what is happening in Egypt, or what just developed in Tunisia, they are analyzing and tasting the intelligent and resolve of the people of the US.
They know that we are not silence any more, they can not risk to enrage 10 millions or 20 or 30 million people, not even imagine 100 millions of Americans in the streets of the US protesting, injustice in the courts, discrimination in the Tax System, Wages under the living standards of decency, Under Funded Education, Draconian Laws enacted by Bush and Company, Contaminated Food, Health Care unacceptable, really the government of the US is not ready to confront 100 million people claiming for equality and justice.
The white house is worry of the wave of dissent around the world is rolling down as an avalanche, a ball of protests growing every moment and they refused to speak the right words, “Mubarak Reign of Terror has to Stop, once and for all”.
I THINK WE ARE SEEING THE FALL OF THE EMPIRE, The emperor is Naked and refuse to recognized it.
When the people finally speak the leaders shut up and Lead, that will be the lessons that every leader have to learn if they want to hold to the Chair a little longer.
It is a cheaper solution for the government to sacrifice a few dictators and one Terrorist State and live comfortable for another 10 or 20 years, enough time for the people of the world to completely wake up and smell the coffee.
Gaza, Palestine
While all the unrest is growing in the world, Gaza is waiting for the world to speak for them, to help them to Tear the Walls down.
Revolution is at their Gates and is tempting, the blood is already boiling, the rage is in every mind, the RESISTANCE is standing stronger every day, there short time to lose. Every Citizen of the world STAND for Peace, Demand your leaders to fight for Peace and Justice for all.
Free the World, Stand for your Rights, Raise your Voice. We own it to us, if you want to stay free, you have to fight for it.
Human Trafficking: Ancient Trade!
Posted by Marivel Guzman
Human Trafficking is not new to our society, since ancient times humans have been victims of other humans
the oldest accounts of human trafficking goes back in history way back that is not on records, but we can account for stories in the Bible that is more than 4000 years old. Slavery the worse case of human trafficking.
In modern history we found others types of human trafficking, we have seen terrible cases of humans being used to transport drugs across borders, the disappearance of hundreds of people that have been use to transport drugs in their bodies.
Prostitution is one of the favorite for International Organizations, Russia and Israel being recently and more commonly involved in this traffic of persons to be use as sex slaves, including children as young as 6.
Human Trafficking is common in Africa, humans are used as a work slaves for the plantations of Cocoa. They pray in children from small villages from poor African Neighbor Countries. Children as little as 6 have been victims of this trade.
But the more dramatic and unspeakable of the human trafficking is the kidnapping of civilians to killed them and harvest their organs, in some instances the persons seeing themselves deep in misery and unable to support their families have resorted to sell voluntary their own organs.
But the most common practice and criminal of all is the murder of healthy person to steal their organs
Munir, the poet of love
Marivel Guzman: Munir, the poet of love
Posted on April 29, 2010 by salqincity
Marivel Guzman: Munir, the poet of love
اليوم،
الساعة 07:04 مساءً
Munir…The Poet of Love
What will be of the beloved
Is your inspiration did not write it
What will be of the Love!
If your pen did not inspired it.
Munir the poet…have written
The words of love, on a paper
The Love for the word..with the pen
The love for love of the word
Munir the poet…have found
The Meaning of Inspiration
The meaning of the Word
The meaning of Love
So simple for the poet
To write down his mind
to express with melancholy
The language of love
Munir The poet of Love
inspires the word
To inspire poetry
To inspire the pen
To Write More
**************************************************
Munir…El Poeta del Amor
Traducida Por Marivel Guzman
Que seria del amado
Si tu inspiracion no lo escribiera
Que seria del Amor
Si tu pluma no lo inspirara
Munir El Poeta ha escrito
Las palabras de amor en papel
El Amor por la palabra…con la pluma
El Amor, por Amor a la Palabra
Munir..El Poeta, ha encontrado
El significado de la inspiratcion
El significado de la Palabra
El significado del Amor
Muy simple para el Poeta
Exteriorizar su mente afuera
Y expressar con melancolia
El lenguaje del Amor
Munir, El Poeta del Amor
Inspira la palabra
Para Inspirar la poesia
Para Inspirar la pluma
Para que mas escriba
*******************************************************
Munir … il poeta dell’amore
Traducción:Mario Rigli
Cosa sarà dell’amata
Se non ne scrive la tua ispirazione?
Cosa ne sarà dell’Amore!
Se non lo ispira la tua penna?
Munir il poeta ..ha scritto
Parole d’amore, su carta
Con la penna… amore per le parole
Amore per l’amore della parola
Munir il poeta … ha trovato
Il senso dell’ispirazione
Il significato della Parola
Ciò che significa Amore
Semplice per il poeta
Da scrivere per la sua mente aperta
Con malinconia da esprimere
Il linguaggio dell’amore
Munir il poeta dell’amore
Ispira la parola
Nell’ispirare la poesia
Nell’ispirare la penna
A scrivere ancora.
Support our Palestinian Brother, the Poet Munir Mezyed
Message from the Gaza Youth Breaks Out Team
Posted On January 4, 2011 by Marivel Guzman
Original Post by http://gazaybo.wordpress.com/2011/01/04/dont-distort-our-speech/Abu Yazen> Abu Yazen
Many Arab/Muslim activists reject our movement and consider us as some type of Zionist machinery because in the Manifesto, we have been denouncing Hamas – among others.
It’s always amazing to see the shortcuts people’s minds can take and how good they are at condemning without even trying to understand.
We’d like to remind all of you our goal: Yes we are frustrated and tired of being oppressed, killed, humiliated and kept from even leaving to study in other countries, yes we denounce political parties governing us because they didn’t help in anything, but we denounce ALL of them, not ONLY Hamas.
We are TIRED of the Status Quo, from all sides. Political parties have had all the time and chances to BRING THE CHANGE, but we have not seen anything yet.
We’re NOT calling for a political coup, let’s be clear on this. We are young people who want to work for the PEOPLE, we denounce the misery we live in, we denounce their division, and reject their fight, because they are not helping us. But more than Fatah and Hamas, who remains Palestinians just like us, ABOVE ALL we denounce the Occupier and its puppet the International Community who fails, day after day, in its duty to impose sanctions on “Israel”.
Our followers, readers, and those who are not supporting us yet must keep in mind THIS message: we have ONE enemy which is the Zionist Occupier. Hopefully this call will shake our political leaders, wake them up and remind them that they are responsible of us! Hopefully they will realize that what we want is UNITY, and NO MORE DIVISION, because it makes Israeli terrorism’s impact on our lives even worse.
Our call is a call for SOLIDARITY, a call for PEACEFUL ACTION; we are holding out our hands & waiting for you to complete the bond. Help us work for a better solution, HELP US MAKE IT.
And Please note this, the GYBO team have been banned from posting anything on the page; we want you to go there and flood the page with your love to Palestine so those who misinterpreted our message can leave us.
Love and respect from Gaza
– Abu Yazan
GAZAN YOUTH’S MANIFESTO FOR CHANGE
Posted by Marivel Guzman
Original posted by Abu Yazan
GAZAN YOUTH’S MANIFESTO FOR CHANGE
F**k Israel! F**k USA! F**k UN!, F**k UNWRA!, F**k Hamas!, F**k Fatah!.
We, the youth in Gaza, are so fed up with Israel, Hamas, the occupation, the violations of human rights and the indifference of the international community!
We want to scream and break this wall of silence, injustice and indifference. Like the Israeli F16’s breaking the wall of sound; we want to scream with all the power in our souls in order to release this immense frustration that consumes us because of this f*****g situation we live in.
We are like lice between two nails living a nightmare inside a nightmare, no room for hope, no space for freedom.
Sick of the wall of shame that separates us from the rest of our country and keeps us imprisoned in a stamp-sized piece of land.
Sick of being portrayed as terrorists, homemade fanatics with explosives in our pockets and evil in our eyes.
Sick of the indifference we meet from the international community, the so-called experts in expressing concerns and drafting resolutions, but cowards in enforcing anything they agreed on.
We are sick and tired of living a shitty life, being kept in jail by Israel, beaten up by Hamas, and completely ignored by the rest of the world.
There is a revolution growing inside of us, an immense dissatisfaction and frustration that will destroy us unless we find a way of canalizing this energy into something that can challenge the Status Quo and give us some kind of hope.
The final drop that made our hearts tremble with frustration and hopelessness happened on November 30th, when Hamas’ officers came to Sharek Youth Forum, a leading youth organization (http://www.sharek.ps) with their guns, lies and aggressiveness, throwing everybody outside, incarcerating some and prohibiting Sharek from working.
A few days later, demonstrators in front of Sharek were beaten and some incarcerated. We are really living a nightmare inside a nightmare. It is difficult to find words for the pressure we are under.
We barely survived the Operation Cast Lead, where Israel very effectively bombed the shit out of us, destroying thousands of homes and even more lives and dreams.
They did not get rid of Hamas, as they intended, but they sure scared us forever and distributed post traumatic stress syndrome to everybody, as there was nowhere to run.
We are youth with heavy hearts. We carry in ourselves a heaviness so immense that it makes it difficult to us to enjoy the sunset. How to enjoy it when dark clouds paint the horizon and bleak memories run past our eyes every time we close them?
We smile in order to hide the pain. We laugh in order to forget the war.
We hope in order not to commit suicide here and now.
During the war we got the unmistakable feeling that Israel wanted to erase us from the face of the earth. During the last years Hamas has been doing all they can to control our thoughts, behavior and aspirations.
We are a generation of young people used to face missiles, carrying what seems to be a impossible mission of living a normal and healthy life, and only barely tolerated by a massive organization that has spread in our society as a malicious cancer disease, causing mayhem and effectively killing all living cells, thoughts and dreams on its way as well as paralyzing people with its terror regime. Not to mention the prison we live in, a prison sustained by a so-called democratic country.
History is repeating itself in its most cruel way and nobody seems to care. We are scared.
Here in Gaza we are scared of being incarcerated, interrogated, hit, tortured, bombed, killed.
We are afraid of living, because every single step we take has to be considered and well-thought, there are limitations everywhere, we cannot move as we want, say what we want, do what we want, sometimes we even cant think what we want because the occupation has occupied our brains and hearts so terrible that it hurts and it makes us want to shed endless tears of frustration and rage!
We do not want to hate, we do not want to feel all of this feelings, we do not want to be victims anymore. ENOUGH! Enough pain, enough tears, enough suffering, enough control, limitations, unjust justifications, terror, torture, excuses, bombings, sleepless nights, dead civilians, black memories, bleak future, heart aching present, disturbed politics, fanatic politicians, religious bullshit, enough incarceration!
WE SAY STOP! This is not the future we want!
We want three things; We want to be free. We want to be able to live a normal life and We want peace.
Is that too much to ask?
We are a peace movement consistent of young people in Gaza and supporters elsewhere that will not rest until the truth about Gaza is known by everybody in this whole world and in such a degree that no more silent consent or loud indifference will be accepted.
This is the Gazan youth’s manifesto for change!
We will start by destroying the occupation that surrounds ourselves, we will break free from this mental incarceration and regain our dignity and self respect.
We will carry our heads high even though we will face resistance. We will work day and night in order to change these miserable conditions we are living under.
We will build dreams where we meet walls.
We only hope that you – yes, you reading this statement right now! – can support us. In order to find out how, please write on our wall or contact us directly: freegazayouth@hotmail.com
We want to be free, we want to live, we want peace.
FREE GAZA YOUTH!
*********************************************************************************
This Manifesto is for the whole apparatus of repression that engulf Gaza, Starting with Israel the Occupier,US the financier,UN the official Solicitor and Signatory of Wars,UNRWA the front of the UN that keeps Gaza under an inhumane welfare system,to Fatah that have forgotten that Gaza is Palestine, and to Hamas ultimately because keeps an invisible gag on the population under the guise of religion righteousness.
If There got to be Freedom in any society, Justice must be the base of the same. Human Rights is an inalienable right of every human being, being Gaza, US, Germany, Lebanon, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba(should not exist),Cuba, China, Iran, Mexico, Congo, Russia..or any place on Earth that humans co-habit under any authority of any type.
The right to disagree, the right to have a different opinion, or different feelings is a right that we all humans have a primordial born right, it calls dissent from the Status Quo, governments of the world dissenters are not criminals, they are free minders that choose their own path, and oppression only make them more aware of the situation that you want to force them to be.
This right is inalienable is part of the human rights that we all must enjoy as a citizen of this Earth.
I m speechless this is what I want to hear. Out with all the rules that bound you in your own mental prisons. Liberation yes, I m 110 % agree with your Manifesto, free, freedom and liberation.
I m sharing your courage. I m sharing your dreams, your hopes, your pains, your deaths, your ideals, your free and open mind.
I wanted to hear the youth speaking, I do no k,ow if will make a difference now, but certainly your message will spread in the world, in the mind of the old and tired souls, tired of their struggles.
It will infuse energy to the resistance, to the old and decrepit bodies that have fought for more than 6 decades without seeing compassion from the world, that have not received justice from the international bodies than have appointed themselves as the saviors of the world, to the peace activists, the justice seekers that are fighting for your land.
I was almost giving up my fight for Gaza, I was getting stiff and tired of yelling, writing, posting, complaining. I thought no one was listening, but I was wrong.
This Manifesto full or courage. rage dissatisfaction and pain have given me hopes again.
I m awake again, your words have giving me the food for the soul that I was missing.
I love you Gaza, I m proud of you, I m with you, in your fight against indifference, against the oppression of your mind, in this fight for your land, for your human rights, for your motherless children, and your childless mothers, I m with you with your olive trees that with one last stand they resist to let go and still embracing the land, I m with you, with your flag, that not being mine, have awaken the fighter on me once more.
I m sharing this word in every wall, available, in the blogs. my channels, everywhere that there is space.
Thanks Gaza youth I love you all…Free Palestine.
Dear Susan Life is Not Fair
Posted in November 15, 2010 by Marivel Guzman
Dear Susan life is not fair, and has not been less unfair for Palestinians since the Zionist Movement started at the beginning of the century.
The situation in Gaza is deplorable worse than in the West Bank, and we know that everything that we people of the world wanted to happen for the good of Peace in the world, will only going to be possible if WE THE PEOPLE take the initiative and the lead in our world affairs.
Gaza Siege
The time has come when we must move the strings of power by the only way that is possible, Economic boycott of the diverse industries that finance Israel development and growth.
Hollywood Movie Industry, Knows for their support to Israel and their continuous subliminal messages against Palestine Rights to Resist the Occupation, Christian Non Profit Organizations, givers of astronomical donations to finance illegal settlements in West Bank and East Jerusalem, and every product that it is in the BDS list that give economical life to the Zionist Entity Israel.
The most important is keeping the pressure to our leaders in the US to stop the economic help to Israel. And to stop being the spoiler in the United Nations resolutions against Israel war crimes and pressure Israel to comply with the more of 350 resolutions put in place by this body.
Israel of 2009 is a spoiled country, arrogant and condescending, convinced that it deserves everything and that it has the power to make a fool of America and the world.
Raising awareness in our children about the prospects for peace in the world, educating them about the evil enterprise that is the War Complex Machine and their multi-billion dollars money deals they make with Israel.
Bodies with dead tissues and no apparent wounds; 'shrunken' corpses; civilians with heavy damage to lower limbs that require amputation, which is nevertheless followed by unstoppable necrosis and death; descriptions of extensive internal wounds with no trace of shrapnel, corpses blackened but not burnt, and others heavily wounded that did not bleed
The only way we will make our governments stop acting with impunity is showing them that we are united, that we are a uni-voice, a strong force growing every day, that we can not stay silence with the crimes they perpetrate and silently cover up, that we are awake and aware of the situation in Palestine, and elsewhere in the world.
That Israel is an entity that needs to disappear from the face of the Earth, because is causing great threat to World Peace, and was founded under false pretenses, deception, lies and deceit. And since the creation of this entity, the world has been in a constant battle to support it, against the will of the population of the government that finance her.
There is no secret any more that the Nazi regime so much vilified by the founders of Israel were in concord agreement with the Nazis to transfer as many Jews and their properties to Palestine. We know more about the deception played to world to created Israel. They did not stop at murder to cover up their lies in their way to the creation of Israel.
We have sons and daughters, they are our future educated them.
World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations and/or peoples. World peace is a Utopian idea of planetary non-violence by which nations willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance that prevents warfare. Although the term is sometimes used to refer to a cessation of all hostility among all individuals, world peace more commonly refers to a permanent end to global and regional wars with future conflicts resolved through nonviolent means.
We have sons and daughters, they are our future educated them on the issue of Peace. Educate them on the horrors of war and their profiteers and financiers.
Israel is the biggest arm dealer in the world. And she profits every time there is a death somewhere in the world. BE WAR OR just a random shoot out.
Facebook is just one outlet to spread the truth, they are hundreds of this socials networks that we can use to change our world.
We can not just complain that nothing is happening, because is happening.
We are a force growing. Do not let us be just few raising our voices.
Be a peace activist too, reading is good because you are getting informed, then do your part, share the posts to other walls, export them to others blogs, others channels, other spaces.
Myspace, youtube,meta cafe,tweeter,digg this,blogerspot,wordpress.com. I can search the net and find maybe thousands of this social networks.
Soon the change will become our reality. Do not be discouraged by the tragic events, we all take lessons and must move on, we must make changes to our advantage, and ACT in our behalf, in the name of a brighter future, that for some parts of the world is just Future a temporary word.
They live in the situation of “Be Or Not To Be” where the fight for their life is an everyday affair.
We ALL are thinkers and able to share our concerns and give ideas of how to do better. How to participate in our political process and our world affairs.
Do not let no one dictate you what is good for you, if what you are witnessing is injustice and struggle and does not feel good for you, probably is not good for anybody else.
We can not move on as a society if we permit this tragic events pass in front of our News, and Television Sets and think and pretend that will never happen to us.
We can not move on as a society if we stay indifferent to the pain of other human beings, and look the other way pretending everything is right and there is nothing to change.
If There got to be Freedom in any society, Justice must be the base of the same. Human Rights is an inalienable right of every human being, being Gaza, US, Germany, Lebanon, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba(should not exist),Cuba, China, Iran, Mexico, Congo, Russia..or any place on Earth that humans co-habit under any authority of any type.
Take your future in your hands. If you do not do it, others will do for you.
Then you will have no face to complain or time to ACT.
ACT NOW for your future and for the change you want to see.
ACT NOW for betterment of our society.
STATEMENT FROM HOSTAGES ON BOARD STROPHADES IV…URGENT
Posted by Marivel Guzman
HOSTAGES ON BOARD STROPHADES IV…GREEK SHIP..
We have been kidnapped at the Libyan port of Derna, by the Captain and crew of the Straphades IV. The Captain and crew have since left and the Greek authorities are now holding us hostage on board the Strophades IV.Ten of us are being held …at gunpoint by a… Greek SWAT team, in a small room 8x8ft. We have been told if we move we will be shot. We have requested sleeping facilities, showering facilities, access to telephones/internet and consular assistance – all have been denied. In the last 48 hours we have had one tin of coke and one sandwich to eat. We have had no access to water other than that in the toilets. We have to ask permission to do anything, including using toilets. We have no status. We do not know the nature of the charges we are being held under and feel extremely vulnerable. We ask that everyone please put pressure on the Greek government and demand that they end this nightmare. We want the Greek authorities to release us and allow us safe passage to Libya, where we can join the remaining members of the Road to hope convoy and proceed with humanitarian aid to Palestine.
Message ends…..
ARE THE MASTERS of deceit playing with our intelligence? this is atrocious .ridiculous and non sense act of piracy.theatery and blatant abuse of power.What the people is waiting to yell your outrage.
Yesterday when finally few outlets News picked up the SOS from the hostages and the attention was in the hijacked ship, Israel f16 were bombarding Gaza and terrorizin the children with sonar bombs. Off course Zio-terrorist Israel and her puppets are behind this distracting tactical event.
The situation created by this twist of events with the Internationals peace activists was clearly planned and calculated by Israel Egypt Uk to disrupt the land convoys and knowing that all the activists are exhausted.
We only can do so much from our stand as International peace activists. Sharing the News raising awareness to the world, we must brake this block of indifference and impunity that keep us lethargic and divided, and showing to our governments that we are united and not be deterred by gimmicks.
Do not let them distract you, keep the pressure. Write to the diverse embassies of the governments involved in this outrageous incident, demonstrate in front of the embassies.
The activists Stranded in the Libyan/Egyptian border need our help.
Raise money to send them to finish the mission to deliver the humanitarian aid to Gaza…Thanks.
The Times They Are A-Changin’
Posted by Marivel Guzman on November 4, 2010
We are in an important moment, the world is awakening, we are taking responsibilities never before felt as a duty. The situation of Gaza has gone now for 5 years and we were asleep, in a lethargic state, pacified by the lies of the
Media. Now we are the Media, we are broadcasting directly from the ground. Our friends in Gaza send us the News every day, all day. Now our brothers that took the challenge of delivering humanitarian aid to Gaza are Stranded in the border of Egypt, we have said that the convoys are non political movements, for that reason we need to participate, and help them in a non violent fashion way writing to the embassies, to your head of state to make the transfer of the Aid to Gaza. The activists are in a difficult situation they take enough money to travel but not
luxury is allowed. Please spread the message and do you part also. Maybe Bob Dylan and Eddie Vedder Explain it better with this message made song. Thanks to all
We seen more and more that that standoff of the
Road to Hope Convoy is awakening the ordinary citizens their humanitarian side, their voluntarism, it is so important the union, the show of great force of the people of the world, do not leave this courageous justice and peace seekers on their own. To Show our Governments that we can created a tremendous force. To all the peace activists in the world from all nationalities, to keep raising their voices in support of this noble cause.that we won’t stop to the effort to deliver the aid to Gaza. That the stubbornness of the Egyptian government needs to stop and cooperate with the humanitarian convoy and with their neighbors. Gaza.
5 days ago our brother Ken O’keefe important member of this delegation for peace speaks from the Libyan Border.
Is Rupert Murdoch Ignorant?
Posted by Marivel Guzman
Original Post by by Raja Mujtaba
Article by Alan Hart
Its proclaimed objective is to “fight anti-Semitism”. In reality its main purpose under the leadership of Abe Foxman is to smear, harass, silence and preferably destroy those of all faiths and none who are critical of Zionism in action – critical of Israel’s policies in general and its contempt for international law in particular; and critical of the awesome power of the Zionist lobby, in America especially.
“In a recent speech at an ADL (Anti-Defamation League) dinner, Rupert Murdoch, arguably the most influential mainstream media chief on Planet Earth, made some extraordinary statements which must be challenged. But first it’s necessary for us all to be clear about what ADL’s role is.”
Murdoch and his empire They are very much aware of the situation in the world, at this stage ..there is no business as usual. His own empire is suffering the Social Networks taking their viewers and readers away from their outlets.
Even Abraham Foxman with all his ADL(Anti-difamation League) power is suffering the downs of the People waking up to the truth, learning the real agenda of his ADL as a front to kill any attacks on the Zionist Agenda..The ADL and the Jewis Lobby worked tirelessly to kill dissent..But now..we are seeing that their stage is falling down..
Their positions on issues are going to change with the Times, because that’s what they do good..these characters like the lizards will change the color of their skin..
Their ancestors did it in the past they change religion as convenience.
Now these lizards will change even their Views and responses to the times that are changing..
Murdoch is not stupid but he goes where the money will be generated, he is the money man.
Remember myspace.com when Tom the friend of millions make its debut on the wires, and the world got caught by surprise..Well you must wonder is myspace.com wasn’t just another theather mounted for your entertainment and once the show was mature they tear it down and Murdoch came and took his share, your presence, your friends, your pictures, your views. Murdoch is not stupid he is one of the most cleaver men of our time.
The power to the people is pushing aside the “legends” of the Media, characters made famous for their unrestricted use of Power to divert, their impunity to bend the truth with catastrophic consequences. People like Murdoch involved by power given to him by not other than you, your indifference to play a role in your own affairs.
His power is vested on nothing more than propaganda and lies.
Take your power back and Murdoch and his empire of Adds and Money will dissipate with the silver screen, and the Flash News, that the only flash is the light in the face of the actor of the scenery of the theater they mount everyday. Wake Up to reality and take back your rights, exercise your power to decide for your Present and Your Future.
Road to Hope convoy stalled at Egyptian border
Posted by Marivel Guzman Via Ken O’keefe Blog
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Road to Hope convoy stalled at Egyptian border
Nov 3, 2010 5:41 PST
Ken O’Keefe
“Egypt has said that they will let us through by sea, the problem with that is the exorbitant expense. What the people of Gaza need is open borders and unhindered delivery of aid and ultimately trade. The R2H Convoy did not budget for an approx. £100,000 ship journey from Libya to Egypt, and why should we when a tourist can travel freely but aid cannot. This extra cost is reducing aid for the people in Gaza”.
Nov 2, 2010
Ken O’Keefe: “We are getting close to confrontation time. When tourists can travel by car freely through Egypt and a humanitarian aid convoy is blocked, it pretty much says it all. The blockade of Gaza is in a word, unacceptable”
The Road to Hope humanitarian aid convoy continues its role in the international community’s collective mission to break the illegal siege of Gaza and deliver desperately needed aid to the people of Palestine in Gaza. The convoy comprises 30 vehicles and 101 humanitarian aid workers. Among them are 8 survivors of the Israeli attack on the Freedom Flotilla, 7 of them were aboard the Mavi Marmara, including Ken O’Keefe who was involved in disarming two Israeli commandos. The convoy has traveled four and a half thousand miles and is currently located at the Libyan / Egyptian border. As it stands the convoy finds itself at a standstill, with direct communication with the outside world being limited, and access to the internet very difficult.
It has always been a central aspect of the Road to Hope convoy that it acts in a non-political, non-confrontational manner. To work with and cooperate with every government in every country through which it traveled. Thus far this approach has rewarded it with exceptional receptions in every nation. All of the North African governments have been extremely accommodating and the people of each nation even more so. We must give special praise to the Libyan government for its constant support; when the convoy have had challenges, including breakdowns of vehicles, the authorities here have provided the means to repair those vehicles and continue our mission.
Ken O’Keefe: “Now we find ourselves in our third day at the Libyan / Egyptian border and we remain hopeful that the land route will be opened to us in the coming days”. The convoy departed from London with the understanding that the land crossing through Egypt had not been closed to it. Convoy leader, Kieran Turner: “One reason for our optimism that we will travel the land route is the fact that the Al Quds convoy, a Libyan convoy also delivering aid to Gaza, is set to travel the land route in the coming days. For several weeks we have hoped to join our convoys and travel together.” However, the convoy is awaiting permission from the Egyptian authorities to pass through Egypt in this way.
Mr. Turner understands that there is a possibility the Egyptian government will deny the convoy the land route, in which case they will have only two acceptable options —
1) To press on via the land border without permission, at which time our only chance of success will be by way of significant international pressure and a reversal of a policy which tacitly supports the illegal siege of Gaza.
2) If the land route is denied the only remaining option is to deliver our aid by sea. This option inherently requires significant increases in the cost of our mission, and importantly, to all subsequent aid missions. The end result of this policy is a reduction in the already limited resources that can be brought to bear for the people of Palestine.
The convoy leadership urge the Egyptian authorities to allow us safe passage to Gaza by land in the coming days, allow the convoy to join the Al Quds convoy, and ultimately increase the “easing” of the blockade which continues to collectively punish the people of Gaza.
Mr. Ken O’Keefe calls on all the supporters of Palestine “to support Road to Hope and the Al Quds convoys by spreading awareness of our missions and encouraging Egyptian cooperation”.
Contacts:
Primary contact: London – Eleanor Merton +44 777 037 6701
Libya / Egypt – Kieran Turner +44 779 22 66 111 (interviews in Libya available if the roaming costs are covered.)
Road to Hope convoy stalled at Egyptian border
Via <ahttp://kenokeefe.wordpress.com/Ken O'keefe Blog
Posted by Marivel Guzman on October 31, 2010
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Road to Hope convoy stalled at Egyptian border
The Road to Hope humanitarian aid convoy continues its role in the international community’s collective mission to break the illegal siege of Gaza and deliver desperately needed aid to the people of Palestine in Gaza. The convoy comprises 30 vehicles and 101 humanitarian aid workers. Among them are 8 survivors of the Israeli attack on the Freedom Flotilla, 7 of them were aboard the Mavi Marmara, including Ken O’Keefe who was involved in disarming two Israeli commandos. The convoy has traveled four and a half thousand miles and is currently located at the Libyan / Egyptian border. As it stands the convoy finds itself at a standstill, with direct communication with the outside world being limited, and access to the internet very difficult.
It has always been a central aspect of the Road to Hope convoy that it acts in a non-political, non-confrontational manner. To work with and cooperate with every government in every country through which it traveled. Thus far this approach has rewarded it with exceptional receptions in every nation. All of the North African governments have been extremely accommodating and the people of each nation even more so. We must give special praise to the Libyan government for its constant support; when the convoy have had challenges, including breakdowns of vehicles, the authorities here have provided the means to repair those vehicles and continue our mission.
Ken O’Keefe: “Now we find ourselves in our third day at the Libyan / Egyptian border and we remain hopeful that the land route will be opened to us in the coming days”. The convoy departed from London with the understanding that the land crossing through Egypt had not been closed to it. Convoy leader, Kieran Turner: “One reason for our optimism that we will travel the land route is the fact that the Al Quds convoy, a Libyan convoy also delivering aid to Gaza, is set to travel the land route in the coming days. For several weeks we have hoped to join our convoys and travel together.” However, the convoy is awaiting permission from the Egyptian authorities to pass through Egypt in this way.
Mr. Turner understands that there is a possibility the Egyptian government will deny the convoy the land route, in which case they will have only two acceptable options —
1) To press on via the land border without permission, at which time our only chance of success will be by way of significant international pressure and a reversal of a policy which tacitly supports the illegal siege of Gaza.
2) If the land route is denied the only remaining option is to deliver our aid by sea. This option inherently requires significant increases in the cost of our mission, and importantly, to all subsequent aid missions. The end result of this policy is a reduction in the already limited resources that can be brought to bear for the people of Palestine.
The convoy leadership urge the Egyptian authorities to allow us safe passage to Gaza by land in the coming days, allow the convoy to join the Al Quds convoy, and ultimately increase the “easing” of the blockade which continues to collectively punish the people of Gaza.
Mr. Ken O’Keefe calls on all the supporters of Palestine “to support Road to Hope and the Al Quds convoys by spreading awareness of our missions and encouraging Egyptian Cooperation”.
Contacts:
Primary contact: London – Eleanor Merton +44 777 037 6701
Libya / Egypt – Kieran Turner +44 779 22 66 111 (interviews in Libya available if the roaming costs are covered.)
Egypt’s Facebook front: Power to the People
Posted on October 23 by Marivel Guzman
from Original Post on Haaretz by Zvi Bar’el
Blog it–Share it — Tweet it– Youtube it– Digg it Mubarak human rights abuses must to stop, the assault in free speech of every individual is sacred and should be respected, Mubarak! is over, your reign of oppression is over..POWER TO THE PEOPLE.
Could Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who this month began his 30th year in office, have imagined he would have to conduct his political battles via computer? Via the “curse of the Internet”? Against bloggers and Facebook? Could he have conceived that one day he would have to relinquish his monopoly over public discourse to young people aged 18 to 25, who send messages to millions of potential voters in Egypt with the tap of a finger?
The Kafia (Enough ) movement, which was formally established in 2004, became active online during the 2005 election campaign. In its wake a dozen movements have arisen demanding regime change. Around the time when the Kafia website was established, the Muslim Brotherhood was also working on its own site. Each of these movements was immediately joined by long lists of bloggers, who helped foment demonstrations, strikes and an entire, new national discourse in which the regime has hardly any presence.
ccording to statistics published at internetworldstats.com, which tracks the distribution of Internet usage around the world, in 2000 there were only 450,000 internet users in Egypt. Now there are 18 million – approximately 22 percent of the population. This is also about the same proportion of the population that is between the ages of 18 and 27 – the segment likely to determine the outcome of the next election.
Mohamed ElBaradei, former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency and a Nobel Prize laureate, is now devoting most of his energies to this public. Although he has not yet declared himself a presidential candidate for next fall’s election, his slogan is “Change will come via the young.” His supporters have launched a Facebook group listing his demands for changing the constitution, and have more than 129,000 followers.
Supporters of the president’s son Gamal Mubarak, considered the front-runner at present, set up their own Facebook group attacking ElBaradei, and published photos of his daughter Laila wearing a bathing suit.
The presidential election campaign, which has started early, is closely linked to the parliamentary elections scheduled for next month, under the assumption that the latter will be an early test of the presidential race. However, it appears the regime has not yet appreciated the essence of the demographic change: It believes the main threat is not young people, but rather the Muslim Brotherhood, which until recently was torn over whether to participate in the elections or to boycott them along with other opposition movements.
As the group wavered, debates flared online between bloggers and on Facebook. “For whom should I vote when it is the government that determines who gets elected?” wrote one reader in response to the coverage in the Al-Masri Al-Youm newspaper. “Don’t make a laughingstock of yourselves – after all, you know that whether or not we vote, it’s the government that decides,” wrote another reader.
In the end the Brotherhood decided to run, and put together a list of about 160 candidates. Though it is an illegal movement and is prohibited from forming a political party, its candidates’ identities are known and they will run as independents. In the previous elections they got 88 representatives (out of 454 ) into Parliament, and are now expecting to win nearly double that number of seats and become a powerful faction.
However, the number of candidates the Brotherhood hopes to get into parliament indicates it is not aspiring to “conquer the legislature” per se. It wants to demonstrate power but not be a threat. Otherwise, it would have put together a list of at least 300 candidates.
The regime is not impressed by the Muslim Brotherhood’s “modest” approach, and considers it to be the main political threat. The regime is working against the movement both on the “traditional” level – nearly 200 activists have been arrested – and on the “electronic” level. First, the regime shut down four satellite stations that broadcast religious programming and informed them they would no longer be able to use Nilesat satellite services unless they upheld the terms of their licenses. These terms prohibit broadcasting content harmful to Christians and Shiites, limit religious content to 50 percent of all broadcasts, ban the broadcast of items “liable to disturb order and arouse civil war,” and mandate allocating specific amounts of airtime to films and music.
Now, media and official bodies are also required to apply for a permit to disseminate messages via SMS. Movements that do not enjoy official status, like the Muslim Brotherhood, the Kafia movement, the National Association for Change headed by ElBaradei and the Nasserist Al-Karama party, cannot receive permits.
However, these restrictions – which have made Egypt a focus of international criticism – cannot prevent activity on Facebook or stop bloggers from disseminating messages via their own personal sites.
When both the demography of Egypt is working against the regime and the “arsenal” is changing, perhaps Mubarak himself – like his colleague President Shimon Peres – will also have to open a Facebook group.
Zvi Bar’el is the Middle Eastern affairs analyst for Haaretz Newspaper. He is a columnist and a member of the editorial board. Previously he has been the managing editor of the newspaper, the correspondent in Washington and has also covered the Occupied Territories.
Bar’el has been with Haaretz since 1982, and has written extensively on the Arab and Islamic world. In 2009, he was awarded the Sokolov prize for lifetime achievement in print journalism.
Bar’el has a Ph.D in the History of the Middle East. He teaches at Sapir Academic College and is a research fellow at the Truman Institute at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as well as at the Center for Iranian Studies.
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Power to the people.
By Marivel Guzman
Blog it–Tweeter–Digg it– Stumpt it–Youtube it—Myspace it—Share it–
Human rights abuses must stop in Egypt and every where in the world
Free Speech is a right every citizen of the world must enjoy
No President, Prime Minister, King, or anyone can suppress our rights, support Egyptian in their struggle
POWER TO THE PEOPLE
The era of instant communications is here, regardless of the propaganda still expensive and paid by the high hierarchy, we the people have in our hands powerful tools than can change the balance to our favor.
We are not talking of war or violence, not at all, the dissemination of the truth is sufficient to educate people and make them part of the social change that is inevitable.
Mubarak,Natajahu, to Obama..I mean any “smart” leader have to take notice of the reach of the social networks.
We are not talking of something sporadic and out of place, we are talking of facebook as a social phenomenon that can not be stopped.
Facebook even if it was put in place by the spy agencies and with the idea to gather information or control us, has got out of their control. Now we control it, we move the information, we are making the News from our keyboards, we decide what to believe, because we all are thinkers, in one level or other, we all are in the process of evolving to the next level.
It is not by chance of accident that we are in this point of history, society is continuously changing, and we being in the informatics age should not be surprise that we are making history, we are writing the history of our time.
Facebook is one tool, but without YOU is of no use.
30 Survivors of the Mavi Marmara made it to Gaza
Posted by Marivel Guzman
On Thursday, October 21, at 4pm local time, Viva Palestina – Lifeline to Gaza 5 Convoy passed the Rafah crossing, and entered the besieged Gaza Strip
Out of the 600 passengers of the Mavi Marmara, the Turkish ship that suffered the deadly attack in Internationals Waters by Israeli commandos killing 9 peace activists, 30 of those have risked their life again joining the land convoy from the UK based organization Viva Palestine.
Today October 22 marked a day in the calendar for the besieged Gaza whom has suffered a blockage of goods for more than 1300 days.
The highly publicized news from Israel of the ease of the blockage is nothing but propaganda aimed to calm the public opinion for its inhumane siege, that has been criticized by international organizations and heads of state.
The entrance of the convoy is just a bandage in the deep wound of Gaza, after being almost paralyzed for this siege.
This convoy and the previous can bring so little being the great necessity of Gaza after 5 years of Israel continuous attacks, and the blockade that Israel imposed under the indifference and almost official approval of the United Nations and its signatories countries.
The situation in Gaza is sad and deplorable after more than 5 years of assaults, destruction of her infrastructure and destruction of thousands of homes, added to the blockade imposed by Israel, with lame excuses, as the imports come to Gaza throughout the thousands of Tunnels between Gaza and Egypt. Illegal corridors that are more difficult to control than the established borders that count with military personal.
Dear Online Activist Friends-Share Everything
Posted by Marivel Guzman
Original post by Vahid Razavi
On October 15, 2010
Dear online activist friends,
Social and Peace Activist, author Vahid Razavi
I would like to share with you my views on privacy and activism in the age of social media. As you are well aware, information about you; such as present location, bank account, health records, credit and driving history, as well as your online habits, emails and phone calls are monitored for the sake of companies and governments.
If you have taken a stand in a protest, placed phone calls to the Middle East, have Middle Eastern name you might as well consider your privacy out the door.
The whole notion of privacy in this digital age is misguided since governments and corporations systematically track, index, log and analyze user behavior. If you are not prone to risk and want to protect your identity, use a false name and a false picture profile and information.
That is the best way to hide your online identity. Even that does not protect you. For example if you use Skype or make a transaction at online bank to check your statements from the same machine that you used to log into your fake profile. The fake profile can be now be linked to your real identity.
This article is not about privacy but to encourage you to participate not just in your own circle but in the large circle of opposing views and positions. I will give you an example. As you are aware, for over the past two years I share articles that my team and I have written about business or social issues on my Facebook’s wall. I have open friend policy because I want our message of peace, tolerance and sustainable business practices to reach a large audience. At the same time, I am part of the Republican party, the Democratic party and moveon.org etc. I make an active decision to share information and blog posts on various groups in LinkedIn, for example the chamber of Commerce, an organization that I find myself on the complete opposition to.
Guess what happens when I post an article to one of the groups that share the opposite values that I have? They get all worked up! They start posting and calling me names etc. Frankly I do not care about that. My business and money does not come from the Chamber of Commerce or the Republicans or Democrats. I am not on any ones payroll except my own but it gets under the skin of these groups. It pisses them off like no tomorrow. I am proud of that. They devote precious time posting articles and time trying to convince themselves that they are still in the right. I just wish sometimes my activist friends expand the circle of friends and work on the larger population to sell ideas to the masses.
I am not asking you sacrifice your perceived privacy. I am asking you to get involved even if it is under a different profile name and join these groups so that we can influence its members and the actions of these groups.
Additionally we can all do many things that do not cost money and yet has a big impact. Do you know that Google/Facebook/Bing all provide coupons for first time users of the advertisement networks? If you do not have an ad network account it is easy to start one. Check it out. Create an advertisement network account and use one of the first 50 dollars or first 75 dollars ads are free coupon. Find an article or an organization you want to promote. Decide on the keywords (simply pick your cause as the keyword) Place your ads for that organization. When you reach the 75 dollar mark disconnect the ads. You did not pay a dime and was able to advertise on a network for a cause you backed.
The goal is to encourage folks to reach outside of the circle of friends and leverage social media and the web as the people’s media. The point is that too many activists remain stuck within the orbit of like minded people. While having a community is important, we often neglect the middle of society. Many people work too much, if they are lucky to have a job. They are worried about their bills, their health care expenses, their mortgage and rent payments, their families. Many of them share the same concerns and have the same anxieties as we do. They don’t have the time to explore the social and political issues in depth. They turn on the local news, watch CNN or Fox for an hour or so. Many of them simply read the free morning newspapers handed out to commuters which do not provide comprehensive analysis. This is the social layer that we as activists must reach. History shows that all social and political changes have occurred only when the broad middle of society participates. Yes, the movements are often started with small groups but they have succeeded by communicating and connecting with the larger members of society. The Civil Rights movement started with a small church in Alabama and spread across the country bringing supporters from the mainstream. The same occurred with the LBGT movement. What started as a minority movement has become mainstream. Had Blacks only confined their struggle for equal rights to themselves, it’s unlikely that any advances would have been made. Had only gays and lesbians struggled alone, it’s unlikely that their legal rights would have been recognized and their struggle continues. It’s imperative that activists reach out to the mainstream. It’s the only way to effect the social and political changes we desire. Failure to do so will result in our permanent marginalization.
That’s my two cents.
Peace.
Vahid
Too Small for social change?...Not at all
Mr. Razavi Iranian-American author of The Age of Nepotism has traveled extensively to Iran and the Balkans. He is an expert in the subject of Iran and US politics. As CEO of BizCloud company, Mr. Razavi develops the organization strategy and manages the company’s sales, engineering Marketing and day to day operations.He brings to the position more than thirteen years of sales, operations and customer service experience in the software and customer service industry.
Gaza Heart and Mind
By: Kamal Sobeh Posted by Marivel Guzman
How can a Gazan person present himself if his image had been distorted due to the negative thinking that made him sterile and destroyed his abilities for imagination and creativity?
How can he even see, if he is wearing black glasses as thick as windshield glass with layers of rust that had been accumulated in his mind and heart?
And how could he walk if his prosthesis is also truncated.
By hundreds in Gaza they ask themselves? is not the same for the others? as they do not dare to question the others, whom have the infallibility of their command and the key to life.
In Gaza nothing is going according to the requirements of a decent life, and happiness.
We are talking about people that have the ability to adapt rapidly, who, if given 500 dollars today have the ability to survive tomorrow.
The people have become aware that there is another basic requirement to live that goes beyond food and clothing, the incentive to live, which they are losing every moment.
He could not imagine himself on a trip with his sons because he simply does not have a permit to leave Gaza’s barbed wires.
He could not imagine his son, as a journalist struggling with his pen to write against the corruption that prevents such things as justice, purity and freedom, because the advocates of justice and freedom in and around Gaza have their own law, which prevents others from speaking the truth.
This is the bleak picture cameras can pick up if approached from Gaza borders, and the question arises, what is needed from the Palestinian Gazans to do in order to live their life with dignity, freedom, justice and security?.
Gimpse from outside Gaza
For more than 60 years since 1948, the Palestinians didn’t exclude anything; they tried Expulsion, Loss, Displacement, War and finally Peace.
At the end, the Palestinians succeeded in making peace with the world, but a small question remained: Is it not better to make peace amongst them selves?
The Palestinians in Gaza didn’t understand that their case rests on three pillars namely: National domestic alignment, Arab alignment, and International alignment, and the relationship between these alignment, is sequential in the sense that the second axis does not arise only if the first axis is based, and so on.
Another small question: Where do the Palestinian pillars rest on his case?
He destroyed the first axis by internal conflict, exhausted all the ingredients,
therefore the Arab axis became unable to take up the cause torn.
He awaits the opportunity to escape from his duties because it is tied up at the same time for his own interests and thus become the international situation is less supportive of the Palestinian cause.
So Palestinians in Gaza are important for teeth of internal conflict and the loss of they case which was lost with the hope of freedom, justice and peace.
Therefore the Palestinians must bring peace to themselves before attempting to achieve a comprehensive peace with others. Furthermore, the world must bequeath dignity, respect, freedom and security to the Palestinians, and contribute to halt the conflict and put an end to the violation of the daily humane rights abuses.
The world will find that the Palestinian is just a person that dreams of raising his children and dreams to show them the future sky free of the dust of war, to show them the green land without the contamination of blood stains and dreams of flowers before they trampled under the tanks.
However, most importantly, the Palestinians in Gaza have to be free from all negative and wrong ideas.-
Obamas’s Inner Eisenhower
Obama’s Inner Eisenhower
Posted on 29. Sep, 2010 by Raja Mujtaba in Opinion
By Jeff Gates
Is Barack Obama waking up to the agenda of those who produced his political career? Was his “Inner Eisenhower” on display last week in his televised speech to the U.N. General Assembly?
Did listeners detect a distraught commander-in-chief seeking to bypass Congress and appeal directly to the international community for help in containing Israel’s expansionist goals?
In 1948, the Joint Chiefs cautioned Harry Truman about the “fanatical concepts” of a Jewish-Zionist elite that sought recognition as a legitimate state. U.S. military leaders warned Truman that this elite wanted “military and economic hegemony over the entire Middle East.”
Albert Einstein and other prominent Jews were even more critical. They cautioned Americans about the Zionist political party that produced Menachem Begin, Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu, calling it a “terrorist party” with “the unmistakable stamp of a Fascist party.”
Eight years later, President Eisenhower experienced how they advance their agenda when, during the last days of his November 1956 presidential campaign, Israel, France and Britain sought to induce a war with Egypt over control of the Suez Canal.
Though Ike was distracted by presidential politics, London and Paris were quickly persuaded to abandon their efforts. Not Tel Aviv. Then as now, Jewish fanatics were not inclined to listen to a U.S. commander-in-chief regardless of the impact of their behavior on our national interests.
When this Republican leader sought Congressional support to counter the Zionists’ agenda, he found none. That’s when this former five-star general turned in desperation to a televised address to counter Israeli Congressional influence that has grown far stronger over the past 54 years.
In April 2010, a bipartisan 363 members of Congress committed themselves to an “unbreakable bond” with Israel—regardless of its behavior. No one dared even whisper the word treason.
That same Israel-first agenda was addressed to the commander-in-chief over the signatures of 76 Senators led by Democrat Barbara Boxer of California. GOP Congressman Eric Cantor of Virginia and New York Senator Charles Schumer, a Democrat, launched a bipartisan pro-Israel assault on the commander-in-chief that sounded less like the Congress than the Knesset.
Obama’s Inner Ike
Could this be why Obama made an appeal to the international community to halt Israeli expansionism? Like Ike, did he wake-up to the fact of Israeli dominance in the Congress?
Has this young president—with no military experience—been forced to face the reality of an enemy within? If so, we may yet have an opportunity to restore representative government. If so, those who deceived the U.S. to invade Iraq for a Zionist agenda may yet be held accountable.
However, this past week also saw Congressman Barney Frank join others circulating a petition to free Israeli Master Spy Jonathan Pollard. A dual-citizen operative, Pollard did more damage to our national security than anyone in U.S. history. When he stole more than one million classified documents and Tel Aviv sold them to Moscow, our “special friend” gutted Cold War defenses on which American taxpayers spent more than $20 Trillion (in 2010 dollars) from 1948-1989.
Is Barney Frank committing treason? Or is he circulating that petition so that our national security apparatus has a list of those complicit in the treason that induced us to war in the Middle East on false pretenses? Was Obama’s speech to the U.N. a cry for help by a president whose advisory corps is dominated by pro-Israelis and Israeli-Americans?
Read More………….Opinion Maker Foresight with Insight
Shadi Nassar:The Dreams of the youth of Gazae(via information or desinformation)
Since my Dear Shadi left Gaza Strip the situation have gone worse than the day he left, Israel has been pounding the Strip, with sonar bombs and unmanned aircraft incursions, more white phosphorous and plenty of terror. The world at large keep ignoring the fact that Israel is been a terrorist State, sponsoring terrorism with mask of a victim. If you care to search for the news in the last 62 years, you will find lies over lies on the Holy Land story of death and murder. The cover story and the story lines have been always as if Israel was the victim. You just have to count the victims from each side to know who is the perpetrator and who is the victim. Just in the last assault to the Gaza Strip on the beginning of 2009 in an unexpected assault Israel killed more than 1400 people, more than 800 were civilians and 450 children under the age of 16. The Drams of the people and especially of the children is not richness but Peace. The Dreams of the Youth, the students is to study abroad like any other student in the world. Shadi Nassar is an example of perseverance, she made it out. The first student to brake the siege. On September 2, 2010 his dream came true.
Dream of Peace: View from Gaza
Posted by Marivel Guzman
On September 24, 2010
During the Israeli War on Gaza in 2009, we were so terrified. I prayed for God to save our lives. AlhamdulAllah, He did.
I am a Gazawi, from a large family of eleven brothers and one sister. My father is a poor farmer, but as is the case of so many of us here, he is now unemployed.
Living in Gaza has been difficult since the Israeli Assault of 2009, and the inhumane Siege that have affected so many Gazan families.
The lack of basic services such water and electricity are shocking us, medical supplies and medicines indispensable to treat our sick are in short supply creating a double humanitarian crisis.
But my dreams of peace for my land stay in my heart and mind.
My Goal is to inform people outside of Gaza, about the situation that we live in and to raise international awareness about the blockade of the Gaza Strip and to send a message to the international community to stop the support to Israel and stop the occupation of our land.
We Gazawes along with all Palestinians are dreaming to break the siege and stop the suffering for Gaza.
Gazans dreams to break the siege and stop the suffering is shared by all our Palestinians brothers in West Bank and in the world.
May this year be a year of peace in Palestine!
We Palestinians have the dream of live in peace, despite of having terrible experiences and reactions to the war, the siege, and the occupation.
We have no borders, no life, we are all walled in and blockade.
Life is full of difficulties and constant danger, and we are forced to live with so little and some of us with nothing.
With the checkpoints and so many restrictions, there is no way out. We are trapped inside our own Land.
However, I personally believe things can change, and I work toward that goal in every way I am able.
I refuse to allow hope to die in me. I have dreams of finishing my degree in PT conflict resolution and of spreading the news about Gaza widely in such a way as to help my people and my land.
I pray day and night to see my people’s face cheer up, expressing the love for each other in a peaceful condition.
I have worked with the youth project in Khan Younis for demonstrating our rights in jobs, expressed in study. The EU youth Parliament nominated me as the member from Gaza to represent Gaza Youth in the “Berlin Conferences” in 2007 I was unable to attend due to the border restrictions and the Siege.
Life for nearly all refugees in the Khan Younis Camp is more difficult because of the blockade of Gaza, with much higher unemployment. Fewer families can provide for themselves, leaving a staggering proportion of the population dependent on UNRWA’s food and cash assistance. Ninety per cent of the camp’s water is unfit for human consumption, so basic hygiene is another big concern.
I worked for the American Friends Service Committee, training for responding to conflict situations, transforming the conflict to opportunities for young people, and encouraging peace on our side, so we can live our lives with various other trainings and experiences.
I am now the Project Coordinator with Catholic Relief Services CRS, basically the Gaza Emergency and Recovery Project. as it is. In Catholic Relief Services we work with local partners in Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza and for nearly half a century.
Our projects aim to support peace with justice for all people in this troubled region, while responding to the humanitarian and sustainable development needs of Palestinians.
I do believe there is always a reason to hope and dream of peace despite whatever horrors are surrounding us. I am learning and hope to continue learning the tools needed to meet conflicts with resolution, teaching people to have hopes and dreams of peace, reconstructing peoples’ lives.
Issam Sammour
Gaza Strip, Palestine
Email :Sammour.issam@Gmail.com
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Issam Sammour like thousands of young Palestinians cherish the dream to Study Abroad, it should not be a hard quest, 
why they have to see their future with so many obstacles?, from the signing of documents to the visa request, they have to go through hell is there no better word to designated their troubles.
Israel makes almost impossible to fulfill the basic requirements to obtain the Passport and Visa, the check points on Ramallah and the blockade of Gaza are in the way. They can not travel to to other side of Palestine, there is a blockade a permanent check point on Erez. the point that divide Gaza Strip from the West Bank. And in Ramallah the friends that volunteer to help with the documents encounter countless obstacles as well.
You need to live the everyday struggles to understand their state of mind. With an alarming rate of underemployment, preparing themselves for a better future is not a luxury but a necessity. They need to obtain higher education to be able to compete in so tight market. The situation in Gaza is worsened since Israel imposed a blockade, where does not let export or imports to cross and in complicity with Egypt have kept Gaza Strip impoverished to the point where more than 80 % of the population is in public assistance.
People We Do not Know
Experimental Poet that loves to love
We come from different backgrounds, cultures, religions, countries, we speak different languages and even with all these dis similarities we are closer that ever.
But who are “WE”?, people around the globe, “People We Do Not Know”, those strange faces that we encounter in every walk of life, in the coffee shop, the market and like a social disease in the social networks. We are every where, we have different skin colors, different social and economic status, but we do not notice those little almost insignificant details that in our everyday life are so important, but not in here. We can not see them as being an impediment to get together as one, as if we were part of the same family.
One of my closest friends, my new found brother Raja Mujtaba have showed me what real trust and friendship is. He owns an online newspaper
Foresight With Insight
That in short period of time have positioned itself as one of the best sources of real news in the world.
It have been the power of the social networks, the interaction with these people that we do not know, that we talk and make part of our everyday life, that have made this little newspaper to grow and positioned itself as one of the most read newspapers in the world.
For years the world was used to the NEWS, but with the coming of the instant communication corridor, we have realized that the NEWS is not what is given to us in a silver box. No…the news are being made everyday, by all of us..we are interchanging NEWS everyday. The TV stopped offering us the TRUTH. I quote a phrase from his website “His conviction is that there can be no peace without justice thus the root cause to every problem must be identified and addressed. Justice leads to peace that develops love” I m over thrilled with his vision for our world, that with closed eyes I help him in his crusade for justice and peace.
The Free Press: The New Press
The Virtual World: It is the New World Order, where the citizens of the world, are taking the world back.
We do not need to receive “News”, we are making the Real News
Every moment someone somewhere write a new Article, Upload a new picture, and they are as real as the people are.
We are the new Opinion Makers of the World, we don’t need Editors. Because the truth is Raw and should be given as it is without dressing or photoshoping as it is been for quite sometimes.
Be happy, the good news are here.
Welcome to the New World Order of life, where the world is coming together in a credo of brotherhood, raising together our voices for a better life for everyone.
Raising our complains to the leaders that “We Appointed” to represent us and work for us.
The Virtual world welcome you, we are more closer than we ever been, the walls are down, the old school of Media is obsolete now, we are the New Press, the Free Press, we are photographers, video technicians, writers, poets, opinion makers: “Where the Truth is the News, and we are the Opinion Makers”.
During my virtual travels I have had the pleasure to meet beautiful people, specially in Gaza Strip..that little piece of land besieged by Israel Madness, but their people do not give up their hopes for Freedom, for Peace, and their dream to lead a normal life.
Take for example my dear Shady Alassar, a photographer from Gaza, that despite all the instability of his land, he keeps striving for a better future.
Shady Alassar Photography , Gaza Strip, Palestine
He won’t stop trying to leave Gaza at its will, travel out for pleasure or business. Who are those people inside Gaza that we see with different eyes because we been programmed to do so for so many years of propaganda, Gazans are people like you and me, they are people “We do not know”, but only because we do not dare to know them. It is amazing that now, we “chat” to them as our best friends, we treat them as family. Imagine what will “Bush and Company will say”, our brothers and friends live in a Land out of boundaries to the world, but not for us, the “people” of the networks.
The social networks this phenomenon that took us in a wild ride, unexpected. We live every day their economical crisis from far away, we cry with them for them.
What is our role in this drama, we are part of their drama, we were there in that part of his life, recently he was part of an exhibition of Gaza Youth photography, and he made us part of his happy moments.
Do you know him? maybe you have see him in the walls, it might seem not important, but it is important, you are proud with him. Gaza was in the news, and we were part of the news as well, sharing those moments with the world, we wonder what really happen to all of us?…we take pride in their achievement, we suffer their struggles, we are being part of this strange alliance of hope, where we are coming together as a family.
Shady Alassar is a normal guy like your neighbor , like your son or brother ,what make him special? really in this virtual world that we are being part of, we all are specials or we all are ordinary world citizen. It is your perspective of the world what it make it look beautiful or gray.
Gaza Strip
The Social Networks unleashed “POWER TO THE PEOPLE-FOR THE PEOPLE”, the invisible revolution is unstoppable, you can feel it in the air, in the wires.
The Internet came to stay. Do not allow it to be taken away. It’s our right to fight for a common cause. Peace Worth it, Love Worth it, You Worth it. I Worth it.
Why is this?. we have no specific answer but we connect with ease, we give our phone numbers our emails, we treat each other as we know for long time.
Can somebody really understand why are we doing this?… Nobody really knows, we just “DO IT”, it is as if we have broken the stereotypes, we have broken the imaginary line that kept us apart.
The religious, social, economic, and race stigmatization, and marginalization that have kept us worlds apart it gone, now, we not do see it, we do not feel bounded by those ideas, now we want to explore all religions and cultures, we want to learn and feel their struggles as ours.
The Poet Of Love
Munir Mezyet Palestinian Poet, he is my dear friend if it was not for these walsl I would not know him, he lives exiled in Bucharest, but he is not far nor stranger, he is as close as my best friend next door.
We are free now, we feel this freedom to choose to add friends, to share our morning coffee with a complete stranger. The walls that for some people like Germany and Palestine have hold them apart, now “The Walls” are bringing us together.
The “Walls” are keeping us together, they are spaces in the virtual world where we share more than ideas, passions, fashions, love experience, causes for freedom.
We are being part of the world with “People we do not Know”.
These intercontinental connections, long distance calls that few years back would have been impossible, for different reasons; social and economical reasons. We calling to Australia, Tunisia, Gaza, Brussels, Argentina, Afghanistan…the whole world is part of our geographical area, skype and messenger broke the barriers of time and space.
We losing our sleep over “People we do not know”, odd, don’t you think?
What have it changed today? we are comfortable interchanging mobil numbers to a complete strangers, if you want to see us this way. We do not think twice before we type out our “private email”.
We interact few times in the walls, in the channels, the spaces. and we call ourselves friends, brothers, comrades. We go to extreme lengths to fight for your rights, to fight for your country, to fight for your causes. 
We stand strong for a reason we do not completely understand, other than doing a social justice to peace and friendship.
What really had happen to all of us?, that suddenly we raise our voices for your flag, for the protection of your individual liberties, your civil rights. Really why is this?
What it is going on in the world? Do we find that we were missing the link to Love? Are we able now to befriend and Love a complete stranger? The connectivity of the Universe is showing us the signs that we were overlooking, love is so easy to find, to expand to hold and express, in a single line on a chat room, you can find your long long waited twin love, or your lost friend or new friend.
Do not be afraid to show your kindness, the sensitive fiber of your heart. Love is at the reach of your finger tips at the end of the keyboard. Expand your conscientiousness, open up your mind to the pureness of Love.
I have found more than friends, I found a new family…brothers, sisters, sons, and dozens of nephews and nieces….there is so much diversity in our cultures, but that is the greatness of these new encounters, that is what it make it so special. The relation is more familiar, because you start knowing their beliefs, ideas and soon..you are part of them and they are part of you. You start loving your new family as if you have always know them. The new faces become your everyday experience, your morning, your breakfast your day goes interacting with them. You miss them, you love them because they become part of you.
The social networks have opened the doors the collective conscientiousness. Love is not inclusive of your close families.
The state of the mind now, have reached the tip of the idea that Love is not a feeling but a state of the mind, balanced ripped to the age.
Welcome to the new era of Universally. The web of ideas finally is at its best. LOVE IS ONE. And we are One. Because we are Love.
Meet me at the “Walls”, I think I already know you, if you are a virtual traveler, you are an enlighten being. We all the same, we suffer from the same pains, the red blood that runs throughout my veins is warm with love, and does not see color, but feel the love that you project to the world.
Akashma Online News 